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Regulatory Requirements for Permitting
Published in R. Leon Leonard, Air Quality Permitting, 2018
It is a statutory goal of EPA that areas that are nonattainment for any of the criteria pollutants will develop State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to identify how those areas will manage the control of air pollutants to bring them into attainment. The SIPs must identify a strategy, consisting of rules limiting emissions of nonattainment pollutants and their precursors, and a time frame for reaching attainment. Because of these rules, the requirements that must be met by a new or modified source of air pollutants in a nonattainment area are more stringent than those required for new or modified sources in attainment areas. Consequently, most of the remaining discussion in this chapter will distinguish between the permitting requirements in attainment areas and those in nonattainment areas.
On-board diagnostics
Published in Tom Denton, Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis, 2020
In the United States, legislation was first introduced in California by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in 1988 and later federally by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This meant that the enforcing body, the EPA, requires that states have to develop state implementation plans (SIPs) that explain how each state will implement a plan to clean up pollution from sources including motor vehicles. One aspect of the requirement is the performance of OBD system checks as part of the required periodic inspection.
Environmental Analysis
Published in Connie Kelly Tang, Lei Zhang, Principles and Practices of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 2021
The U.S. EPA under the authority of the Clean Air Act Amendment has established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). To achieve and maintain the NAAQS for air quality non-attainment areas, state environmental agencies develop and implement State Implementation Plans (SIP). Additionally, transportation programs are required to pass the Transportation Conformity determination. For other non-classifiable areas, no actions as related to air quality are needed on a program level.
Meteorological modeling relevant to mesoscale and regional air quality applications: a review
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Richard T. McNider, Arastoo Pour-Biazar
The ability of regional atmospheric models to replicate the meteorological parameters of importance to regional air quality, as discussed above, is critical to air quality management (Rao and Zurbenko 1994). The attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Clean Air Act is built around the development of State Implementation Plans (SIPs), which define specific emission-reduction strategies for meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Modeling conducted in support of the SIP must demonstrate that industry-specific emission reductions will result in future compliance with the NAAQS. This usually involves retrospective modeling and a demonstration that the modeling system is able to replicate air-pollution levels reasonably during periods when NAAQS are exceeded. While perhaps not a regulatory requirement, EPA model guidance (EPA 2018) suggests choosing “time periods which reflect a variety of meteorological conditions that frequently correspond with observed 8-hour daily maxima concentrations greater than the level of the NAAQS at monitoring sites in the nonattainment area”. The guidance further states “Model time periods in which observed concentrations are close to the appropriate base year design value or level of visibility impairment and ensure there are a sufficient number of days so that the modeled test applied at each monitor is based on multiple days”. The practical way to follow this guidance is to model the retrospective periods when NAAQS were violated. However, Luo et al. (2019), Astitha et al. (2017), and Hogrefe and Rao (2001) discuss variations in meteorology, controlling high ozone, which may not be captured in the retrospective period.