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Design for Wind Resistance
Published in James Jones, Demetri Telionis, Aeroform, 2023
Shear walls may be constructed of concrete, masonry, or wood, and, sometimes in tall buildings, steel. Shear walls may be arranged to form a box where openings may be restricted in size or location or may be arranged perpendicular to the exterior walls so as to resist the lateral forces and reduce the unsupported length. Recognizing the necessity of shear walls can be translated into an aeroform opportunity.
Connecting technology of vertical components in fabricated concrete buildings: Current status and analysis
Published in Domenico Lombardo, Ke Wang, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
G.Z. Lu, Z.J. Wang, Z.L. Guo, Z.S. Zhang, Y. Zhang
The maximum applicable height of a building with a double-skin wall is smaller than the maximum height of reinforced sleeve connected shear wall. For instance, if the seismic intensity is 8 (0.2 g), the maximum applicable height of the reinforced sleeve connected shear wall is 90 m (the total shear force carried by precast shear wall is greater than 80% of the total shear force of the layer; the maximum applicable height is 80 m), which is greater than the maximum height 60 m of double-skin wall.
Lightweight glubam structures manufactured using industrialized ply-bamboo panels
Published in Y. Xiao, Z. Li, K.W. Liu, Modern Engineered Bamboo Structures, 2019
R. Wang, Z. Li, G. Chen, Y. Xiao
Similar to lightweight wood-frame construction, the lightweight glubam structure can be constructed following the so-called platform construction, as shown in Figure 2. The floor of each story is constructed of joists covered with sub-flooring to form a working surface upon which shear walls are erected and materials are stacked. The shear walls are connected to the foundation or the walls in lower story through the floor system by anchor connections. The roof system, normally prefabricated trusses, is connected to the top beam of shear walls by metal connections. The lightweight glubam frame structures have good lateral resistant behavior. The shear walls perpendicular to the lateral force can transfer the load to the horizontal diaphragms (floor or roof), then the horizontal diaphragms distribute it to the shear walls parallel to the lateral force, finally the shear walls transfer the force to the foundation.
Building survey forms for heterogeneous urban areas in seismically hazardous zones. Application to the historical center of Valparaíso, Chile
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2018
Belén Jiménez, Luca Pelà, Marcela Hurtado
The proposed form for RC buildings classifies load-bearing systems into moment resistant frames, shear walls, dual systems (resistant frames and structural walls), and mixed RC-masonry; see Question 2.5 of Figure 4b. Moment resistant frame systems resist vertical and lateral loads by spatial frames that can be filled or not with masonry structures. Shear wall systems resist vertical and lateral loads by vertical structural walls. Dual systems support vertical loads mainly by spatial frames, while walls and, to a lesser degree, frames provide resistance to lateral loads. Mixed RC-masonry systems include different varieties of typologies and arrangements inspired more by functional aspects than structural ones (Cattari and Lagomarsino 2013), e.g., buildings characterized by perimeter masonry walls and internal RC frames, masonry buildings with enlargements or raising made of RC frames, and masonry buildings with RC walls enclosing staircases.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the seismic performance of RC squat shear walls with single post-opening reinforced by steel plates
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
Meng Liu, Guanglin Yuan, Wen Sun, Qianjin Shu, Zhiyuan Zhao, Limin Lu
It is common to create openings in existing shear walls for additional windows and doors, which are usually located in the middle and bottom parts of the wall. Sometimes it is also necessary to open a hole in the upper part of the shear wall for equipment installation. There are a large number of studies showing that the different locations of openings can greatly affect the mechanical properties of shear walls. Ho and Doh (2018) and Ho et al. (2020) conducted experimental and numerical simulation studies on shear walls with opening restrained on three sides under static loads, the results showed that the distance between the opening and the edge of the wall greatly affected the behavior of shear walls with opening restrained on three sides, and the effect was more pronounced for walls with large height-to-width ratios. Wang et al. (2012) investigated the shear performance of shear walls with eccentric openings under cyclic loading, and they found that the shear strength of shear walls changed in the direction of tensile and compressive loading with the eccentric location of the opening, which also affected the formation of concrete compression rods. Muthukumar and Kumar (2015) performed the finite element analysis of the displacement response of RC shear walls with openings under static and dynamic loads, the results indicated that the overall performance of walls with openings along the center is better than that at the edges of the wall. Afshari and Gholhaki (2018) conducted finite element studies on the shear performance of steel plate shear walls with openings at different locations, and a dimensionless equation was established to calculate the shear strength of the steel plate shear walls with any opening location.
Cyclic Tests on T-shaped Concrete Walls Built with High-strength Reinforcement
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Shear wall structures are commonly used as the preferred lateral-force-resisting system for buildings in moderate and high seismic zones due to their excellent seismic performance. As the main lateral-force-resisting members in concrete structures, such walls need to resist the lateral force demands caused by earthquakes and wind loads in addition to carrying axial forces caused by gravity loads. The use of high-strength (HS) reinforcement can reduce the demand for steel in concrete structures, and this can reduce reinforcement congestion and lead to improved constructability and reduced costs. According to the NIST GCR 14–917-30 report Use of High-Strength Reinforcement in Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Structures, high-strength reinforcement can be defined as steel reinforcement with a yield strength of 500 MPa or greater (NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture 2014). However, most concrete codes worldwide limit the maximum yield strength for steel reinforcement in concrete structures (ACI Committee 318 2014; ACI Committee 349 2013; CSA-A23.3-14 2014; GB 50010-2010 2011; JSCE 2010; NZS 2006). For instance, in China, the yield strength for steel reinforcement is limited to 500 MPa in most structural applications. Hot-rolled ribbed bar (HRB) 600 MPa steel is a new type of high-strength reinforcing bar that has a well-defined yield plateau, good ductility and broad application prospects in Chinese construction. A number of recent studies have examined the influence of HRB 600 MPa steel in elements such as beams and columns; however, studies of HRB 600 reinforced concrete walls are scarce. Consequently, to promote the wider application of HRB 600 MPa steel, this exploratory study examines the seismic performance of walls reinforced with this specific type of high-strength reinforcement.