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Measuring stiffness of soils in situ
Published in Fusao Oka, Akira Murakami, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Sayuri Kimoto, Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics, 2014
Fusao Oka, Akira Murakami, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Sayuri Kimoto
Earthquake is a natural disaster that can cause fatalities and widespread destruction. Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy propagates seismic waves that make the ground shake. The released energy often induces landslides, some of which have catastrophic consequences. The destructive effect of earthquakes in many places of the world is significantly improved by the triggering of landslides during or after the quake. Earthquake induced landslides may be contribute significantly to the death toll. Hence understanding which places are more prone to land sliding in future earthquake is an important subject. On October 23rd, 2004 an earthquake of magnitude 6.6 on the Richter scale shook the Chuethsu area of the Niigata prefecture in Japan. This seismic event, together with consequent aftershocks, caused many deep landslides, shallow landslides, surface failure, quaked rivers and induced several unstable slopes. This paper presents a statistical analysis of landslide occurrence ratio with respect to the distance from the epicenter fault line also we analyzed the landslide occurrence ratio with respect to slope steepness and geological units.
The Geosphere and Geochemistry
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Earthquakes consist of violent horizontal and vertical movement of Earth's surface, resulting from relative movements of tectonic plates. Huge masses of rock in the plates may be locked relative to each other for as long as centuries and then suddenly move along fault lines. This movement and the elastic rebound of rocks that occurs as a result causes the Earth to shake, often violently and with catastrophic damage.
The Geosphere and Geochemistry
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Earthquakes consist of violent horizontal and vertical movement of earth’s surface resulting from relative movements of tectonic plates. Huge masses of rock in the plates may be locked relative to each other for as long as centuries and then suddenly move along fault lines. This movement and the elastic rebound of rocks that occurs as a result causes the earth to shake, often violently and with catastrophic damage.
Sustainable Interventions: Conservation of Old Timber Roof of Michelangelo’s Cloister in Diocletian’s Baths
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Silvia Santini, Carlo Baggio, Lorena Sguerri
Wood is an inhomogeneous material characterized by the presence of natural defects as knots, slope of grains (SoG), checks, splits, and ring shakes. These defects influence both the strength and stiffness of the structural timber, the reason why visual grading is very important to predict its mechanical behavior. The Italian standards make a difference between the visual strength grading for lumber within the sawmill production (UNI 2010a, 2010b, 2010c) and the one for historical timber on-site (UNI 2004). The last one, which is the case at hand, requires a survey along all the accessible faces of the structural element, with the same grading criteria for all wood species, and also suggests some NDT. Then three strength-classes are provided for the most common Italian wood species, each one with the corresponding allowable stress values, in tension and compression, and the modulus of elasticity in bending (MoE). The resulting classes with the related elastic modulus of the 26 specimens are given in Table 1.