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Application of High-resolution Stratigraphie Correlation Approaches to Fluvial Reservoir
Published in Wang Naiwen, J. Remane, Stratigraphy, 2020
Deng Hongwen, Wang Hongliang, Timoth A. Cross
Identification of a series of stratigraphic cycles is the basis for erecting a high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. Numerous sedimentologic and stratigraphic attributes are used to identify cycles. These attributes may include (a) Vertical successions of facies, .(b) Vertical changes in the physical attributes of a single facies, (c) Stacking pattern of cycles, (d) Geometrical relations of strata. Using one or more of these four criteria, stratigraphic cycles of multiple spatial and durations may be recognized in strata representing any environment. Because the stratigraphic hemicycles correspond to the divisions of base-level cycles, and because the turnaround points of base-level cycles are synchronous at the temporal resolution of the base-level cycles, the correlation are of time surfaces and the stratigraphic cycles are time-strtigraphic units.
Glacial geology
Published in Barry G. Clarke, Engineering of Glacial Deposits, 2017
A land system is a means of combining the sediment, landforms and landscapes to explain the characteristics of the glacial soils (Eyles, 1983). A land system starts with the land elements (e.g. drumlins) to create the land facets (e.g. drumlin field), which collectively form the land system, a three-dimensional holistic approach to basin-scale patterns of glacial deposition. This three-dimensional approach enables likely subsurface conditions to be predicted which is of benefit to civil engineering projects, particularly infrastructure projects. The development of glacial land systems can be traced back to Boulton and Paul (1976), Boulton and Eyles (1979) and Eyles (1983). Sequences of glacial deposits are bounded by unconformable boundaries not too dissimilar to hydrocarbon reservoirs. The connection is the use of sequence stratigraphy developed by petroleum geologists for locating such reservoirs. Sequence stratigraphy has been applied to glacial deposition by Boulton (1990), Eyles and Eyles (1992), Martini and Brookfield (1995), Benn and Evans (2010), Evans (2014) and others. The glacial land systems of the United Kingdom are shown in Figure 2.31 using the terrain to highlight likely glacial deposits. The large-scale distribution of depositional systems and land systems can be subglacial, ice marginal and supraglacial, subaqueous and glaciated valleys (Benn and Evans, 2010). A summary of glacial land systems is given in Table 2.13, which links the erosional landform with sediments.
Stratigraphy
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
The relationship of epeiric seas to the deposition of a continuous series of lithologies is called sequence stratigraphy. At the heart of sequence stratigraphy is the notion that if there are no unconformities in a sequence, a complete record (a complete sequence) of environments of deposition has been preserved. So, any variations in lithologies depend on variations in sediment sources, in sea level, in the size of the depositional basin, and in the relative rates of sea level change and sediment supply.
Sequence subdivision and development characteristics of low-accommodation non-marine basins: a case study of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2018
S. Fu, Z. Liu, Y.-Z. Li, Y.-R. Guo, X.-M. Xu, J.-J. Liu, X. D. Hu
Sequence stratigraphy, based on an isochronous framework, is a well-established tool and a reasonable method for correlating sedimentary successions and rebuilding the depositional processes. This method has been widely used in research on basin analysis (Alejandro & Paul, 2006; Catuneanu, 2002; Catuneanu et al., 2009; Douglas, 1995; Flemings & Jordan, 1990; Galloway, 1989; Posamentier & Allen, 1993; Posamentier & Weimer, 1993; Tinker, 1996). In recent decades, most studies have focused on marine successions (Flint et al., 2011; Galloway & Hobday, 1996; Herbert, 1995; Van Wagoner, 1995; Weimer, 1992). Geoscientists in China have focused on the importance of sequence stratigraphic analysis of non-marine strata in continental basins because of the complex tectonic settings in Chinese basins, such as the Songliao, Junggar, Bohai Bay, and Hailar basins (Hou, He, Ni, & Wang, 2012; Zhou, Ji, Pigott, Meng, & Wan, 2014; Zhu et al., 2008; Zhu, Kang, & Wang, 2003). The sequence forming dynamic mechanisms of continental basins emphasise the controlling effects of tectonic activity, climate change, sediment supply, and base-level fluctuation on sequence formation (Xian, Wang, Zhou, & Sun, 2007). Sequence subdivision and correlation, the determination of sequence hierarchy, sequence models and the system tracts architecture of continental sequences have their own characteristics. Therefore, the study of continental sequence stratigraphy in specific settings, such as specific types of lacustrine basins, fluvial settings and alluvial settings, has become increasingly common (Shanley & McCabe, 1994).
Sequence stratigraphy and Quaternary depositional systems in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin, northwest China
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019
Z. Liu, S. Fu, H. C. Jia, J. X. Tian, Y. H. Chen, C. Y. Dong
Sequence stratigraphy, based on isochronous frameworks, is an established tool for correlating sedimentary successions and rebuilding depositional processes. This method has been widely used in the research on basin analysis (Galloway, 1989; Flemings & Jordan, 1990; Posamentier & Allen, 1993; Posamentier & Weimer, 1993; Douglas, 1995; Tinker, 1996; Catuneanu, 2002; Alejandro & Paul, 2006; Catuneanu et al., 2009) with most studies focused on marine successions (Weimer, 1992; Herbert, 1995; Van Wagoner, 1995; Galloway & Hobday, 1996; Flint et al., 2011).