China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Seismology and site effects
Published in Mark Aschheim, Enrique Hernández-Montes, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos, Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Seismic Performance, 2019
Mark Aschheim, Enrique Hernández, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos
Seismology is the field of science that studies earthquakes and the propagation of waves through the earth. These waves arise from tectonic, volcanic, or even man-made sources (e.g., mining, explosives, fracking, and seismic vibrators).
Physics of the Globe
Published in Aurèle Parriaux, Geology, 2018
In seismology, the source of the earthquake is called the focus or hypocenter (see Fig. 4.5). The intersection of the wave surfaces (which are spherical if the media is homogeneous and isotropic) with a supposedly planar topography gives wave circles. The center of these circles, placed vertically above the focus, is called the epicenter (Fig. 4.5).
Inverse Problems
Published in Abul Hasan Siddiqi, Mohamed Al-Lawati, Messaoud Boulbrachene, Modern Engineering Mathematics, 2017
Abul Hasan Siddiqi, Mohamed Al-Lawati, Messaoud Boulbrachene
Seismic tomography is a methodology for analyzing and computing earth’s activities. Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the earth or other planet-like bodies. It also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric and artificial process (such as explosions). A record of earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram. Experts treat seismic tomography as a part of seismic imaging, where they are mainly concerned with estimating properties such as propagating velocities of compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves).
Propagation of surface waves in generalized thermoelastic media under influence of magnetic field and rotation and its applications in engineering and geophysics
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2022
M. M. Amin, Amir Mohamed Abdel Allah Nasr, A. A. El-Bary, S. M. Abo-Dahab
Seismology is the study of mechanical waves that travel on and beneath the surface of the earth. It was first recognized as a scientific discipline in the 1800s with the emergence of the quantitative study of earthquakes, one of the most common natural sources of seismic waves. The velocity and amplitude of elastic wave in the rock mass are dependent on the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the structural and stress state of rock mass. The elastic wave testing technique has become one of the most important approaches in geological engineering and rock mechanics. To enhance the analysis and application of elastic wave testing technique, the present paper investigates the elastic wave propagation pattern both in laboratory and in field. The lab tests focus on wave velocity in rock mass and the field work focus on the measurement of longitudinal wave velocity by using double-service elastic wave test. The field tests also include the testing of the roadway surrounding rock loose circle on the edge of underground chamber construction site. The study profiles the rock mass’s elastic wave dynamic characteristics, clarifies the rock mass structures, assess the property of the rock mass surrounding the subway. All these are of great significance to the underground chamber and tunneling engineering design and construction.
Effect of initial stress, heterogeneity and anisotropy on the propagation of seismic surface waves
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2020
Moumita Mahanty, Amares Chattopadhyay, Pulkit Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Singh
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. In an absolutely precise way, it is the scientific discipline that concerns with earthquakes and the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. An earthquake is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The study of seismic waves in a layered media plays an important role in understanding damages during earthquakes. The seismic waves allow us to make inferences about certain properties of the Earth's interior through which the wave travels. A detailed study on elastic wave propagation and its generation in seismology is given by Chapman [1]. A combination of two types of seismic waves; body waves and surface waves is being generated by shaking felt during an earthquake. Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and are the final waves to hit an area after an earthquake. Surface waves move in last and their slow roll just under the surface provides the greatest risk for damage to man-made structures and changes to natural landforms. Surface waves are of two types, the first to arrive are transverse waves which are sometimes known as Love waves and the second type of surface waves are Rayleigh waves that travel as ripples. It is known that study of surface waves [2] plays an important role in the study of seismology, earthquake, geophysics and geodynamics. Surface waves are time varying, spatially non-uniform perturbations that exhibit spatial variation in the field amplitude markedly confined to the vicinity of the limiting surface of a body and practically nil outside this relatively narrow zone.