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Integration of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and ICTs in Language Learning
Published in S. Mekala, R Geetha, Contemporary ELT Strategies in Engineering Pedagogy, 2022
The goal of the ZPD is to stretch the learners beyond their innate capabilities and challenging them, while providing support to meet their challenges. The ZPD is unique to each learner, and varies according to their capabilities, and the environment and the context wherein the development occurs. Apprenticeship and scaffolding are some common approaches to reach the ZPD (Collins, Brown & Newman, 1989). Scaffolding involves the construction of appropriate supportive conditions for a learner (Donato, 1994). In the case of scaffolding that is constructed for maintenance or repair of a building, it allows the workers to do jobs that they would not be capable of doing without climbing on the scaffolding. For example, scaffolding allows a worker to wash higher windows, provides a work surface for holding necessary construction tools, and often provides a level of safety and stability that gives comfort to the worker and thus the confidence to perform the job at hand. The term scaffolding may be used more abstractly in our context, but with familiar goals. Scaffolding for a learner consists of providing the appropriate tools, support, and confidence building, to allow the learner to succeed. When these types of models are employed, after spending time working with an expert to grasp a new concept, an individual is able to internalize what the learner has learned, and eventually scaffolding/assistance can be removed. This is reflected by Vygotsky, as he believed, “what the child is able to do in collaboration today he will be able to do independently tomorrow” (Vygotsky, 1989). In the ZPD, the expert engages in a “dialogue with the novice (learner) to focus on emerging skills and abilities” (Richard-Amato, 1988).
Identification of factors on the possibility of bamboo as a scaffolding and a formwork material in Ethiopia
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Ermias A. Amede, Ezra K. Hailemariam, Leule M. Hailemariam, Denamo A. Nuramo
A scaffold is a temporary structure used to support people, materials, and systems under construction and maintenance. It is indispensable for different processes in a building project (R. Wong, 2015). It presents an essential part in construction especially building operations at height. It is used in new construction, alteration, routine maintenance, renovation, painting, repairing, and removal activities. Scaffolding offers a safer and more comfortable work arrangement than leaning over edges, stretching overhead, and working from ladders. Scaffolding provides employees with secure access to work locations, levels, stable working platforms, and temporary storage for tools and materials to perform immediate tasks (United States Department of Labor, 2016).