China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Exposing the sacred monumentality in Ugarit: Remodelling the temple of Baal
Published in Koen Van Balen, Els Verstrynge, Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 2016
T. Teba, D. Theodossopoulos, J. Crow
(stelae, objects) or replicas will be placed. The added structure will serve an educational purpose regarding architectural, cultural and religious aspects associated with Ugaritic temples. The magnificent volume of Ugaritic temple, as a tower temple form (Margueron, 1985, p. 15-31) will be better reflected by completing the building in a conceptual proposal. There are no stratifications in this temple; therefore, such a big intervention will not overwhelm the original fabric. Rather, it will facilitate the understanding of the building form and many additional cultural and religious aspects of Ugaritic people's live. The architectural details will be abstracted as much as possible; they are still hypothetical and it is very important to avoid any misleading interpretation. The proposal will be based on critical approaches; therefore, the construction over the ruins will have its own structural framework which will avoid adding any new loads on the original fabric. The main structural cores will be at the portico entrance and the Intermediate Space between the vestibule and the Most Holy Place. These structural cores will be in the form of a glazed-steel framework constituting the focal points for organising the movement within the building; the entrance guides the movement from exterior to interior spaces whereas the Intermediate Space facilitates the traffic between the vestibule and the different levels of the Most Holy Place, through monitoring both horizontal and vertical accesses from the ground floor, Figure 8, 13. More emphasis will be placed on this Intermediate Space in an attempt to highlight its original role as a central structural element that held the highest part of the building, the temple's summit. Choosing transparent structures for the reconstruction of these two focal points is inspired by the original design of this building; it is believed that the building was a solid impermeable structure and the only way for light to come in was through the portico entrance and the three types of widows that the building had in the structure of its Intermediate Space. Furthermore, the tall steel and glass structure, which will be inserted in place of the Intermediate Space, will be an indirect, dim, light well that reconstructs the original interior environment.This also conceptually highlights the sacred path in this structure; it is believed that the central Intermediate Space accommodated the sacred route that the priest or the king followed to the top to pray, Figure 13. The volume of the two halls will be conceptually reconstructed using a steel framework for the main structure. The cladding will be made of oak timber and rammed earth panels manufactured off site. The interventions' materials have been carefully chosen taking into account their durability and long-time maintenance. The design concept behind the new addition will be inspired by the gradual increase of the spaces' sacredness from the entrance to the altar section. As to the structural framework, steel frames (inverse U-shape) will be added outside the building and alongside the north-south walls of each hall. Intermediate steel columns will be added within each frame span
The Engineering Approach to Conservation of Massive Archaeological Structures in Seismic Areas: The Apollo Nymphaeum in Hierapolis of Phrygia
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Maria Rosa Valluzzi, Matteo Salvalaggio, Filippo Lorenzoni, Maria Politi, Jacopo Boaga
Archaeological sites represent a fundamental testament to our most ancient history. Their remains are defined as fragile and non-renewable cultural resources that must be protected against the increasing threats worldwide (ICOMOS-ICAHM International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management 1990). The conservation of archaeological heritage is strictly connected to its structural safety, especially in the case of architectural remains standing in seismic prone areas (Ambraseys 2006). The incompleteness of ruins, in terms of structural systems, combined with the high exposure to environmental deterioration, can increase the weakness of the constructions against dynamic actions (Autiero et al. 2020; Lorenzoni et al. 2017a; Marson et al. 2016; Valluzzi et al. 2019b). In addition, such complex configurations are commonly made of masonry, a composite material often arranged in irregular cross sections with a number of possible variables which affect its mechanical behaviour (e.g., non-linearity and anisotropy, quality of composing materials, connection among portions). Ancient materials also underwent alterations and reconstructions over time, thus making it difficult to generalise methods to evaluate their current conditions and predict their behaviour in light of possible interventions aimed at protecting and conserving them.