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Solid waste management
Published in Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem, Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics, 2018
Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem
Refuse collection workers are at risk of infections in the waste, and also of injury by sharp objects. Surveys have shown particularly prevalent infection with hepatitis B and C, so that immunisation against hepatitis B should be considered automatically on recruitment of such workers.
Managing infrastructure resilience and adaptation
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2023
Chris Lewin, Monica Rossi, Evangelia Soultani, Kumar Sudheer Raj
One complication is that many infrastructure systems are interdependent, i.e., they depend on inputs from other systems or outside sources. If the underlying systems fail, the system they supply will also fail, though not immediately if some of these inputs have been stored as buffer stocks. In effect there is a chain of resilience, extending through two or more systems. For example, if a local authority operates a refuse collection and treatment system which takes household waste by road to recycling plants, the resilience of that system depends on the continued operation of the recycling plants, which in turn depends on the continuity of a supply of electricity and water, and also on the road system not being blocked by bad weather, particularly near the entrances to the vehicle depots and recycling plants. It will also be essential to have a continuing fuel supply for the vehicles, though a buffer stock could cover temporary shortages. All these elements – electricity, water, roads and fuel – are supplied by separate systems which form a chain of resilience for the recycling system. The paper discusses what actions are needed from governments and infrastructure managements to identify and tackle such chains.
Environmental benefits from shared-fleet logistics: lessons from a public-private sector collaboration
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Matt Grote, Tom Cherrett, Gary Whittle, Neil Tuck
Environmental benefits often seem to be of secondary importance to economic benefits in studies of shared-fleet carrier collaborations. Research tends to focus on network-wide, grand alliances of carriers, rather than smaller scale, third-party logistics operations often involving own-account vehicles that could benefit from collaborative practices as reported in this paper. In general, there is a lack of research based on real-world data, with the large majority of studies adopting a computational approach, and there appears to be no previous research investigating the feasibility of LGA involvement as prospective fleet providers, i.e. extending shared-fleet carrier collaborations to include the public sector in a public-private collaboration. Shared-fleet public-private collaborations have been investigated before by McLeod, Cherrett, and Waterson (2011), but this was for refuse collection services rather than a carrier collaboration, with the study finding that, if refuse collection vehicles operated by the LGA to collect household waste were also used to collect waste from commercial premises, vkm could be reduced by up to ∼10%.
Managing the organic municipal waste in Palestine: Linking policy, practice, and stakeholders’ attitude toward composting
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2023
Majed Ibrahim Al-Sari’, A. K. Haritash
LAs are the service providers for street sweeping, waste collection, and disposal. The LAs, in cooperation with the MoLG, have established the JSCs-SWM and JCSPDs to optimize the SW collection and disposal. The JCSPDs were established in the rural areas where several villages cooperated to establish these councils to optimize the services provided, while the JSCs-SWM were established on the governorate level to handle the SW collection, transfer, and disposal services. However, the councils are not fully functioning in all of the governorates because contracting the service is optional, therefore, there are still several local authorities providing the SWM service. However, it has been found that 21.2% of the LAs (18 LAs) are fully providing the SW collection service, 15.3% of them are providing the collection service in part (13 LAs), and 63.5% are not providing the collection service (54 LAs). LAs providing the SW collection service in part don’t have enough refuse collection vehicles to handle all the waste stream, therefore, it contracts part of the service to the JSC-SWM. However, LAs not providing the collection service are normally small-sized and mostly VCs, which can’t carry out the collection service. Therefore, these LAs contract the SW collection service to the JCSPD or the JSC-SWM. Figure 3 summarizes the LAs’ description.