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Energy Conservation And Audits
Published in Eric A. Woodroof, Green Facilities Handbook, 2020
Pool energy use is mostly due to water heating, and heating burden (other than initial heating) is largely due to evaporation, so controlling evaporation and other water losses is an important consideration in an energy program. Evaporation is strongly affected by two things: wind speed at the surface and the differential vapor pressure between the water and air, so energy use from pool evaporation can be reduced by: Lowering the pool temperatureRaising the surrounding air temperatureRaising the surrounding air humidityLowering the wind speed at the air-water surface interface
ECM Descriptions
Published in Steve Doty, Commercial Energy Auditing, 2020
Pool energy use is mostly due to water heating, and heating burden (other than initial heating) is largely due to evaporation, so controlling evaporation and other water losses is an important consideration in an energy program. Evaporation is strongly affected by two things: wind speed at the surface and the differential vapor pressure between the water and air, so energy use from pool evaporation can be reduced by: Lowering the pool temperatureRaising the surrounding air temperatureRaising the surrounding air humidityLowering the wind speed at the air-water surface interface
Consolidation of a Bath Ruin in an Archaeological Site
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2022
Feyza Durmuşlar, Mine Hamamcıoğlu-Turan, Kutay Yücetürk, Engin Aktaş
Firstly, the mechanical cleaning of plants will be done. Prevention of rain penetration will be provided with hard capping. There are 10 different concrete pools with different sizes. One of the sizes of pools is equal to the dimension of the related space. Five of them are located in another space with different dimensions. In the northern part of this pool, there are three pools which are adjacent to each other. Some of the walls of concrete pools consist of brick and stone pieces with cement plasters. These concrete pools provide historical value to the timeline of this building during the leather workshop period. Most of them are adjacent to the original wall of the ruin. There is no salt crystallization observed in these original parts adjacent to cement parts. Therefore, these walls will not be removed. However, there is a risk of crystallization in these walls. If salt crystallization will be observed, removal of these walls might be proposed. Possible material deteriorations should be monitoring regularly a planned in the management plan. If deterioration will be observed in the future, in order to prevent further material deterioration, removal of concrete pools will be carried out (Table 9).
Prediction of human exposure and health risk assessment to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools and risk reduction strategy
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Abbas Abbasnia, Mahboobeh Ghoochani, Nader Yousefi, Shahrokh Nazmara, Majid Radfard, Hamed Soleimani, Mahmood Yousefi, Somayeh Barmar, Mahmood Alimohammadi
Occurrences of THMs were investigated before swimming and after swimming in public indoor swimming pool water in Eslamshahr, Tehran, Iran. Subjective swimming pools are fed with groundwater and disinfection has been carried out using chlorine and ozone. Triplicates of water samples were collected in glass bottles of 500 mL twice a day at 8:00 am (at the beginning of swimming) and 11:00 pm (at the end of swimming) for during a week in the winter of 2017. The average value of three samples was considered in this study. Water samples in three different locations around the pool including the shallow end, the middle of the pool, and the deep end were collected in headspace free bottles. Also a distance of 1 m from the side walls and approximately 30 cm in below the water surface has been considered in sample collection. However, only samples of the middle of the pools were collected for physicochemical analysis in which pH, temperature, free residual chlorine, and total chlorine parameters have been included. Also 100 mg of sodium thiosulfate was used to eliminate FRC. The samples were stored in at 2 ± 0.1°C and analyzed within 12 h of collection.
Use of NMR Relaxometry to identify frankfurters of different meat sources
Published in Molecular Physics, 2018
Sirvan Sultan Uguz, E. Burcin Ozvural, Maria Jardim Beira, Mecit Halil Oztop, Pedro José Sebastião
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Relaxometry has been a great tool to understand water and fat distribution on meat tissue and has been used in many studies that explored the mobility of protons in meat products [6–9]. NMR relaxation time distributions give information about the proton pools present in the samples and these are usually related with the microstructure of the products [10–13]. With the advancements on benchtop NMR instruments, conducting relaxation measurements is now affordable and very easy to implement [14]. However, relaxation times themselves are still not sufficient to make generalised statements on the physical properties of the products and are usually complemented with other measurements. T1 and T2 relaxation times are usually measured and relationship between other parameters is sought so that these relaxation times are used as indicators for certain conditions in products. In this study, T1 and T2 relaxation times obtained at different magnetic field strength were explored to differentiate sausages prepared with different meat types.