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Cellulose and Nanocellulose Derivatives from Lignocellulosic Biomass in Nanocomposite Applications
Published in Kaushik Pal, Hybrid Nanocomposites, 2019
Nurhidayatullaili Binti Muhd Julkapli, You Wei Chen, Hwei Voon Lee
Polysulfone is a type of high-performance polymer with outstanding thermal and chemical stability, flexibility, and strength, as well as good film-forming properties and high glass transition temperature. In spite of a substantial improvement in its applications, polysulfone has some restrictions such as stress cracking, intrinsic hydrophilicity, and weathering features [82]. Therefore, the contribution of hydrophilicity functionalization to improve the hydrophilicity and antifouling properties of polysulfone membrane material is essentially required [83]. Therefore, some research works have brought functional nanocellulose into polysulfone networks not only to overcome these restrictions but also, more importantly, widen the potential application areas of polysulfone materials [84]. It is believed that the hydrophobization chain segment of amphilic nanocellulose provides compatibility between its polymer chains and polysulfone, while hydrophilic and antifouling protection are then created from the surface −OH of amphilic nanocellulose [83]. The flux of blend membranes revealed that the surface enrichment of amphilic nanocellulose expressively improves the hydrophilicity of the surface and polysulfone antipollution ability.
Polymers
Published in Bryan Ellis, Ray Smith, Polymers, 2008
Molecular Weight: Mn 20400 and MW 40000 (determined by osmometry and light scattering on unfractionated polymer) Additives: Fillers include carbon fibre, glass, PTFE and minerals General Information: Polysulfone is a tough, rigid, high-strength amorph. thermoplastic for moulding and extrusion. Its principal features are good high temp. performance, resistance to creep, transparency and self-extinguishing characteristics. It maintains its props. over a wide temp. range (-101° to above 149°). Its excellent physical and electrical props. are virtually unaffected by long-term thermal ageing at 149°. Hydrolytically stable, it has exceptional steam resistance. On a cost to performance basis, it replaces metals and glass. Polysulfone is available in transparent and opaque forms in both moulding and extrusion grades (unfilled). A special medical grade is certified for contact with blood and other body parts. Also available are polysulfone compounds with fillers such as glass fibre, carbon fibre and Teflon. Glass-fibre reinforced polysulfone grades offer materials which can be used for strength purposes and can compete with metal die castings. Strength, stiffness and dimensional stability are increased with glass-fibre reinforcement
Selection of optimum glazing material for solar thermal applications using TOPSIS methodology
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
P. Ganesh Kumar, M. Meikandan, D. Sakthivadivel, V. S. Vigneswaran
Polysulfones are a family of thermoplastic polymers. These polymers are known for their toughness and high thermal stability. They are rigid, high-strength and transparent and they are categorised by high strength and stiffness, retaining these properties between −100°C and 150°C. The glass transition temperature of polysulfones is between 190°C and 230°C.
Selection of optimal glazing material for solar thermal applications using grey relational analysis
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
M. Renuka, K. Balaji, D. Sakthivadivel, M. Meikandan, P. Ganesh Kumar
Polysulfones are a family of thermoplastic polymers. These polymers are known for their toughness and high thermal stability. They are rigid, high-strength and transparent and they are categorised by high strength and stiffness, retaining these properties between −100°C and 150°C. The glass transition temperature of polysulfones is between 190 and 230°C.
Preparation of nanocellulose and its potential in reinforced composites: A review
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Jie Wang, Xin Liu, Tao Jin, Haifeng He, Lei Liu
Polysulfone (PSF) has great solubility in many aprotic polar solvents, good chemical stability, high heat resistance, and is not easily oxidized. Polysulfone is a kind of thermoplastic engineering plastic that is widely used as membrane separation materials in ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and other processes. The membrane material is prepared by blending nanocellulose with polysulfone, which can improve the permeability, pollution resistance and mechanical properties of the membrane. Wang et al. [111] developed chemical treatment and homogenization methods to prepare nanocrystalline cellulose, and then fabricated a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane in which CNC and PSF were blended by phase inversion. As the content of CNC increased, the pure water flux of the composite membrane improved, and the appropriate content can promote the tensile strength and elongation at break of the membrane. Bai et al. [112] prepared a new nanocrystalline cellulose/polysulfone composite membrane in different coagulation baths (water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol). They found as the coagulant concentration increased, the sponge-like structure became looser and thinner and the tensile strength of the pure membrane in different coagulation baths: methanol > ethanol > isopropanol > water. Noorani et al. [113] dispersed cellulose nanocrystals in an organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP) by solvent exchange and doped it into PSF to prepare a composite membrane. The results showed that there was a close interaction between the 2% filler and the matrix. Gao et al. [114] synthesized nanocellulose-based amphiphilic copolymer cellulose-graft-myristyl and used it as an additive for polysulfone-based composite membrane. The addition of nanocellulose promoted the tensile strength of composite membrane, and the water flux increased with the raise of amphiphilic cellulosic content, while the doped nanocellulose had a strong pore-forming effect. Lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCN) are also considerd as an excellent nano-additive. Ding et al. [115] blended LCN and cellulose nanofibers into polysulfone, and prepared ultrafiltration membrane by phase inversion method.