China
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Direct, Discharge and Resist Styles of Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
Plastisol is a suspension of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other polymer particles in a liquid plasticizer; it flows as a liquid and can be poured into a heated mold. When heated to around 177°C, the plastic particles dissolve and the mixture turns into a gel of high viscosity that can no longer be poured. On cooling below 60°C, a flexible, permanently plasticized solid product results. Aside from molding, plastisol is commonly used as a textile ink for screen printing. Some important information about plastisol are listed below: “Blow temp” temperature – Normally between 100–140°C (As specified by manufacturers)Ready to use products – Pidicron Foam Binder FB Conc/FBWLPopular in-house recipe: Dilute to desired levels possible with water-based paste or with white khadi.Blow Temp is critical to get best results.
Process aids and additives for latices and thermoplastics
Published in David R. Karsa, Surfactants in Polymers, Coatings, Inks and Adhesives, 2020
In this process the plastisol is applied as a coating to release papers, glass fibre or other substrates using a doctor blade, prior to gelling in an oven. The coatings can be solid or foamed and several layers of different formulations can be applied successively, either by multiple processing via a single head machine or by a single process via a multiple head machine. The coated substrate prior to gelling may be supported under the knife by rollers to give good control of thickness or by air or a rubber blanket where coating thickness depends on the tension of the substrate.
Fabrication Processes
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
Plastisol casting, commonly used to manufacture hollow articles, is based on the fact that plastisol in fluid form is solidified as it comes in contact with a heated surface [46]. A plastisol is a suspension of PVC in a liquid plasticizer to produce a fluid mixture that may range in viscosity from a pourable liquid to a heavy paste. This fluid may be sprayed onto a surface, poured into a mold, spread onto a substrate, etc.
Occurrence of phthalates in facemasks used in India and its implications for human exposure
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Nandini Shende, Girivyankatesh Hippargi, Suyog Gurjar, Asirvatham Ramesh Kumar, Sadhana Rayalu
The higher concentrations of PAEs found in FMs are due to the use of synthetic polymers such as PP, PE, and hot melt adhesive, which are commonly used in the production of a surgical, N 95, and N 95-WF FMs. In hot-melt adhesives, PAEs are added during their production to enhance the ductility and gel properties (Gao et al. 2020). More quantity of hot melt adhesive is required to bind five layers of PP, which further increases the concentration of PAEs in N 95 masks. Previous studies indicated that most of synthetic polymers (PP, PE, PET) and hot melt adhesives use DEHP as the plasticizer (Gao et al. 2020; Cao et al. 2022; Xie et al. 2022). The higher concentration of PAEs in clothing has been attributed to the use of other materials in textile industries, such as synthetic leather, buttons, coated fabric, plastisol, and dye printing which act as a primary sources of PAEs (Walters et al. 2005; Nijssen-Wester 2021). Dyes composed of PAEs are commonly used to impart color to textiles, thus increasing the overall PAEs concentrations. Infant cotton clothing from China also reported a median value of 4150 ng/g, which is 2.5 times higher than that of FMs of this study. Further, the PAEs content of clothes does not decrease appreciably even after repeated washing (H-L et al. 2019). This indicates that washing of masks does not reduce the PAEs content of cloth masks and hence the exposure levels. Another source of PAEs in clothing is sorption from ambient air during manufacture and storage; however, PAEs contribution from ambient air to FMs is reported to be minimal (H-L et al. 2019).
Methodology for exposure and health risk screening of phthalates potentially present in fabric face coverings
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2022
Andrey Massarsky, Melinda T. Donnell, Natalie R. Binczewski, Kathy Chan, Dan Dinh, Jennifer L. Bare, Kenneth M. Unice
In the U.S., the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has established a standard operating procedure for the determination of phthalates in children’s toys and child care articles (CPSC 2010b). According to ASTM F963-11 (Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety), 10 phthalates are routinely measured in toys, including butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP; also abbreviated as BzBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP; also abbreviated as DnBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP; also abbreviated as DHEXP), di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP), and di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPENP) (TERA 2016). Besides toys, several other products and materials may also contain phthalates. Notably, textiles may contain six phthalates in particular – DEHP, DBP, DINP, DIDP, DNOP, and DiBP (TERA 2015). Phthalates represent a potential constituent of concern for textile manufacturers and retailers due to their use within motifs, coated fabrics, plastisol prints, and buttons (ISO 2014).
Development and characterization of a synthetic PVC/DEHP myocardial tissue analogue material for CT imaging applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Sherif Ramadan, Narinder Paul, Hani E. Naguib
To achieve this, PVC plastisol, a polyvinyl chloride plasticizer blend material, is investigated. These materials have been previously utilized as elastomers for biomedical applications because of their wide range of mechanical properties [20]. They have also seen use in various non biomedical fields such as the automotive, aerospace, and food packaging industries [21–24].