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Water/Wastewater Conveyance
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 2020
The maintenance required for metallic piping is determined in part by characteristics of the metal (i.e., expansion, flexibility, and support), but also includes the kind of maintenance common to nonmetallic piping systems as well. The major considerations are: Expansion and flexibilityPipe support systemsValve selectionIsolationPreventing backflowWater hammerAir bindingCorrosion effects
Some Problems of Elastic Plates and Shells
Published in Abdel-Rahman Ragab, Salah Eldin Bayoumi, Engineering Solid Mechanics, 2018
Abdel-Rahman Ragab, Salah Eldin Bayoumi
Consider, for example, a 400-mm-diameter steel gas pipe of specific weight = 78 kN/m3, h = 10 mm, and pl = 0.78 MPa. Hence, ρgh = 0.78 × 10−3 MPa and pl/ρgh = 103, which gives ϕo ≅ 180°. This means that the pipe wall is subjected to tensile stresses all over. In order to limit σϕ at the bottom, the pipe must have a finite supporting angle, which in this case can be a very small angle. If the support contact semiangle is, say, I°, (σθ)W will be 2.8 MPa, compared with 15.6 MPa due to internal pressure. With proper pipe support, i.e., by increasing the angle of contact, the stresses due to pipe weight can be entirely neglected and design is based on internal pressure only.
BIM and lean practices drive lean transformation at Southland Industries
Published in John S. Oakland, Marton Marosszeky, Total Construction Management, 2017
John S. Oakland, Marton Marosszeky
The next step was to see what innovations could be made in shipping and in field installation. New pipe support carts were created allowing 40 per cent more hangers per cart than in previous renditions to be shipped but maintaining the same overall size cart. For field install, a scissor lift attachment was created that would receive a row of hangers from the shipping cart and reduce the trips on and off the lifts when installing han gers. Due to these changes the hanger install has been improved by roughly 40 per cent and in the true spirit of lean practices, much less wasted hardware and threaded rod has been seen.
Scoping Nuclear Analyses of Shielding Options and Shutdown Dose Rate Contributions in ITER TBSs
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
M. Harb, D. Leichtle, B.-Y. Kim, J.-P. Martins, J. G. van der Laan, J. Bergman, E. Polunovskiy, A. Serikov
The clean computer-aided-design (CAD) model of the PF+BP was converted to MCNP (Ref. 4) input representation. The model contained a detailed representation of the pipe work, pipe support, PF structure, water DT, thermal insulation of the pipes, BP doors, and central BP. A full description of the simplifications and materials used can be found in Ref. 3. To represent the fusion environment, the reference MCNP 40-deg sector model, C-Model,5,6 was used. The TBM-PP and PF+BP models were then integrated into C-Model in EP #16, replacing the generic filler in that port. Models of the correct port environment in upper, lower, and lateral EPs were also integrated to replace the generic fillers.7 The neighboring ports included models of the PPs for the electron cyclotron and ion cyclotron heating systems in the upper port and EPs. A representation of the cryopumps was also integrated in the lower port.
Digital Engineering for Integrated Modeling and Simulation for Building-Piping Systems Through Interoperability Solutions
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2022
Nicholas Crowder, Joomyung Lee, Abhinav Gupta, Kevin Han, Saran Bodda, Christopher Ritter
Seismic analysis is used as an application example to illustrate the direct benefits of such a solution developed in this work. Another benefit includes eliminating construction-related uncertainties by minimizing onsite design changes that are often needed because piping supports cannot be mounted at a nearby location on the building. For example, a pipe support location may be too far from a nearby wall or ceiling. In some cases, piping and its supports can block passage ways inside the rooms. Such aspects are difficult to visualize for designers without an interoperability solution that allows combining building and piping models. There are additional benefits that can facilitate the operational challenges faced due to retrofit and replacement of large equipment, such as pumps and valves, during the lifetime of a plant. Another aspect involves the integration of asset information from the vendors on quality aspects and regulators on licensing aspects. Such an integration can help reduce the manual paperwork needed in regulatory review for every design change either during construction or during operations.
Piping auto-routing using key-node generation method in ships
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Youngsu Kim, Kyungho Lee, Yangwook Kim, Youngsoo Han, Byeongwook Nam, Hyunbin Yeo
In this study, the update strategy of the node was modified to reflect the preferred space such that it could be reflected in the overall cost function. These preferred spaces can be used for various purposes. For example, to share the pipe support, an important installation cost constraint, it is sufficient to assign a weight to the cost of the preferred space in the space where the existing pipe support is located. For valve operability, the pipe can be advanced to a specific position. Conversely, if an appropriate weight is assigned near a specific piece of equipment, access to that area is restricted. Thus, various restrictions may be imposed on the processing cost of the preferred space according to the spatial characteristics. In this study, as shown in Figure 4, weights were assigned to nodes adjacent to the equipment where the support could be located, as well as the floor and ceiling nodes, ensuring that preferred nodes could be searched for when possible to secure the availability of the desired space. This process can be represented using Equation (7), where the PN ratio indicates the weight of the preferred space. When the PN ratio is high, the probability of using it as a path decreases; conversely, when the PN ratio is low, the probability of using it as a path increases. Equation (7) Preference Area Supply Method.