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The Case for Energy Information
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Timothy Middelkoop, Paul J. Allen, David C. Green, Handbook of Web Based Energy Information and Control Systems, 2020
There are two key issues to consider before implementing a tenant sub-metering program: Costs—depending on the layout of the services in the building, the cost of sub-metering may be high, particularly for utilities like water and gas where pipe cutting and threading may be involved.Regulatory agencies—in many jurisdictions, the state Public Utilities Commission (PUC) regulates the ability of building owners to charge tenants for energy consumption to prevent the owners from overcharging “captive” users. It may be difficult for owners to implement tenant sub-metering programs and to recover the costs of setting up and managing these programs.
Stockless Production and SEDAC
Published in Ryuji Fukuda, Noriko Hosoyamada, Building Organizational Fitness, 2018
Ryuji Fukuda, Noriko Hosoyamada
For its POS system, this factory introduced a new one-piece flow production line separate from the existing mass production operations. The way it works is that a bar-code tag is prepared for each order. When the tag arrives at each work station, a bar-code reader scans and receives process data transmitted from the system. For example, when a bar code is scanned in the part picking area, the system activates small lamps (to assist part pickers) only on those part shelves that contain necessary parts for the order. In the pipe-cutting area, it sends tube-length data to an automatic pipe cutter. Further, in the inspection area, a three-dimensional measurement machine compares actual data with specified CAD data. When all is done, a made-to-order bicycle is manufactured and delivered within two weeks.
Project operations phase
Published in F. Lawrence Bennett, The Management of Construction: A Project Life Cycle Approach, 2007
After the required documentation is approved, any needed fabrication can proceed. Of course, this process varies widely depending upon the product. The required time might range from a few hours of pipe cutting to a year or more in the case of our steam supply system. The material is then prepared for shipping by the manufacturer and transported to the jobsite. Management of the delivery schedule has important impacts on the project. If the materials are delivered too early, the contractor's money is tied up in material inventory, space on the jobsite must be allocated for storage and the materials could be subject to pilferage, breakage or spoilage. If they are delivered too late, negative impacts on the programme can occur. Achieving a balance between too early and too late is always a challenge. Some projects rely on just in time (JIT) deliveries, in which the material arrives on the jobsite at the moment its installation is to begin, thus avoiding the extra expense and space required if storage is needed.
An improved event-triggered predictive control for capacity adjustment in reconfigurable job-shops
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Qiang Zhang, Ping Liu, Yu Chen, Quan Deng, Jürgen Pannek
Being the core component and key enabler of RMS, several types of RMTs have been developed for the design of manufacturing processes, such as modular, multi-tool and arch-type RMT. In Gadalla and Xue (2017), the authors reviewed the recent development of RMTs, which mainly includes configuration design and optimisation, architecture design and system integration and control. Yin et al. (2012) presented a human-machine design methodology for the possible configurations of pipe-cutting RMTs based on humans' imaginal thinking. Besides configuration design of RMT, the proposed method was also beneficial for the design on the planning and scheduling layer and control layer. To evaluate the dynamic and steady-state performance of a non-serial multi-state repairable RMS, Zhang et al. (2020) analysed the state probabilities of multi-state RMTs and buffers via homogeneous continuous time Markov chain and universal generating function. The machine reliability and resource utilisation efficiency were improved.
Investigation of abrasive saw kickback
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Steven Burcat, Brian Yue, Alexander Slocum, Tal Cohen
For abrasive saws, dangerous kickback most frequently occurs on construction sites during pipe-cutting operations, particularly when the pipe is in an excavated trench. However, when abrasive saws were tested in a machine analogous to a woodcutting saw kickback machine described by ANSI Standard No. B175.1-2012 [6], similar levels of kickback were not observed by Wu [7], despite reports of kickback in the field. A recent study by Yue [8] theorized that this result is due to abrasive saws primarily experiencing a different mode of kickback whereby the cutting element is pinched in the kerf of the cut, rather than being frontally engaged by the workpiece. To investigate abrasive saw kickback, a kinetics model was developed which treats the abrasive cutting engagement as a sudden frictional engagement. This model predicts the resultant motion of the saw, given assumed engagement parameters, allowing for a prediction of the resultant energy transferred to the saw's motion during a kickback event.
Developing hazard recognition skill among the next-generation of construction professionals
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2020
Alex Albert, Idris Jeelani, Kevin Han
To measure the demonstrated pre-intervention skill, the participants were asked to participate in a hazard recognition activity. The activity was conducted using 16 construction case images selected from an initial pool of over 100 case images depicting diverse work operations. Examples of work operations included excavation, pipe-cutting, welding, crane rigging, and others. The case images were captured as part of a previous effort from real workplaces in the United States with the assistance of industry representatives (Albert et al. 2013). After the case images were gathered, 17 safety professionals representing the Construction Industry Institute (CII) member organisations examined each of the case images and pre-identified the safety hazards present using brainstorming sessions. An example case image with the pre-identified hazards is reproduced from Pandit et al. (2019) as presented in Figure 6 for illustration.