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Soils with Problems Due to Anthropogenic Reasons (Degraded Soils)
Published in Manorama K.C. Thampatti, Problem Soils, 2023
Nonpoint source pollution generally results from many diffuse sources like land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrologic modification. It includes excess fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides from agricultural lands and residential areas, oil, grease and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production, sediment from improperly managed construction sites, crop and forest lands, and eroding streambanks. Nonpoint source pollution is caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters and ground waters.
Environmental Regulations and Jurisdictions
Published in Rengasamy Kasinathan, Environmental Compliance Guide for Facility Managers and Engineers, 2023
Both point-source and non-point-sources of water pollution can disrupt entire aquatic ecosystems. Point-source water pollution from an identifiable source, such as factories, can be easily regulated. Nonpoint-source water pollution from unknown sources such as agricultural runoff accounts for the majority of water pollution and is more difficult to control. The runoff can cause algal blooms, resulting in low-oxygen conditions that harm aquatic life. Other negative effects of nonpoint-source pollution include the degradation of coastal and marine environments and contamination of drinking water sources.
Aquatic ecosystem
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Marine pollution is a serious concern that has a destructive effect on the environment, organisms healthy, and world economy. There are many methods to classify the marine pollution based on the path of entry and the type of pollution. Generally, pollution is categorized into two classes depending on the pathway of entry: point source or nonpoint source pollution. Point source pollution is a single, identifiable, localized source of the pollution that occurs specially in developing nations. Directly discharging sewage and industrial waste into the ocean is the most important point source of pollution. These sources are called point sources because in mathematical modeling they can be approximated as a mathematical point to simplify analysis. Nonpoint source pollution is resulting from diffuse sources such as agricultural runoff and wind-blown debris. This pollution can be difficult to regulate.
Purification-analysis of urban rivers by combining graphene photocatalysis with sewage treatment improvement based on the MIKE11 model
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Hong-bin Xiong, Ya-ni Ma, Tian-xin Liu
The main pollution sources in the study area are non-point and point source pollution. Non-point source pollution includes agricultural non-point source pollution, rural domestic sewage, and urban non-point source pollution. According to the statistical information of the districts and counties of the Anhui Province and Hefei City Yearbook in 2017, the annual loss of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in agricultural non-point source pollution in the study area was 370.5 and 90 t, respectively. For rural domestic sewage, the pollution coefficient method is adopted to calculate the sewage discharge. After estimation, the ammonia nitrogen and TP emissions of rural life in the Nanfei River Basin are 630t/a and 138 t/a, respectively. Urban non-point source pollution is mainly surface runoff, and its pollution factor emissions are: ammonia nitrogen 77.3 t/a, total phosphorus 15.7 t/a. According to the 2017 environmental statistics, the total amount of pollutants that entered Nanfei River was 1215t, and the amount of TP was 213t. In 2017, the amounts of NH3-N and TP entering Nanfei River by non-point source pollution were 194 t and 41t, respectively; point source pollution mainly included the tailwater of the sewage treatment plant and the mixed flow of municipal direct discharge and rainwater. The tailwater discharge of the sewage treatment plant was 43346.9t, with NH3-N and TP volumes of 149.3 and 50.9 t, respectively, and the mixed municipal direct discharge and rainwater volume was 5181t, with NH3-N and TP volumes of 854 and 118 t, respectively.
Evaluation of solids removal and optimisation of backwashing for an upflow stormwater filtration system utilising novel floating fibrous media
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Yuhoon Hwang, Younggyo Seo, Hyowon Kim, Kunwan Roh, Dogun Kim
The significance of the pollutants from nonpoint sources should never be underestimated. In the USA, nonpoint source pollutants from agriculture; atmospheric deposition; hydromodification; unspecified nonpoint sources; and urban-related runoff and stormwater adversely affected 1.9–23.1%, <31.9%, 4.1–15.1%, 2.2–10.3%, and 5.7–37.6%, respectively, to the water quality of rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, bays, estuaries, and coastal shorelines [1]. In Korea, the contribution of nonpoint source pollutants to biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) emission loads is 31.7% and 58.9% as of 2012, and this is expected to increase rapidly to 72.1% and 68.6%, respectively, in 2020 [2]. In addition, the contribution of nonpoint sources to CODMn and TP of Danjiangkou reservoir in China was 68.4% and 82.9%, respectively [3]. Unlike point sources, nonpoint source pollution is irregularly generated from many diffuse sources without a specific point of discharge, therefore, it is also referred to ‘diffuse pollution’ [4], and it leads to the difficulty of efficient management.
The social discourses on market-based instruments to manage non-point-source water pollution in the Oldman River basin, southern Alberta
Published in Water International, 2018
Gillian Kerr, Henning Bjornlund
Ensuring adequate water quality in rivers and other water bodies – for ecosystems, human consumption and economic use – is becoming an increasingly urgent issue across the world (United Nations, 2011). Two main categories of pollution influence water quality: point-source and non-point-source. Point-source pollution is relatively easy to manage, as there is a specific source of the pollution, such as a sewage treatment plant, which authorities can effectively monitor and, therefore, regulate (Russell & Clark, 2006), whereas non-point-source pollution is caused by disparate sources, which it is far more difficult to monitor and therefore to regulate (Oldman River Basin Water Quality Initiative, 2002). Non-point-source pollution is the predominant water quality issue in developed countries, and it has increased management challenges for governments (Dai, Sun, Zhang, & Guo, 2015; Graham, Schempp, & Troell, 2011).