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Valves, Pumps and Pipes
Published in Anders Andersson, Measurement Technology for Process Automation, 2017
On pipe fittings, there are three commonly used thread types: NPT, BSPT and BSPP. NPT (National Pipe Thread) is a conical connection with good sealing properties often used for manometers and pressure transmitters. BSPT (British Standard Pipe Thread) is similar to NPT but with a different angle in the conical section. In some areas, this type is also called ‘R type’. BSPP (British Standard Parallel Pipe) is a parallel thread fitting that uses a ring for the sealing.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Subcooled Flashing Flow through Simulated Steam Generator Tube Cracks
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2019
Ram Anand Vadlamani, Shripad T. Revankar, Jovica R. Riznic
The volume of the vessel was based on the maximum discharge rate expected from the crack. In designing the test facility the most important aspect is the volume of the pressure vessel as this will determine what leak rates can be measured and for how long. Also, the size of the condensing tank will affect this as well. The pressure vessel was constructed from a single 3.5-inch diameter schedule 160 and 316 SS seamless pipe. It is 3.05 m in length and has numerous inlet and outlet ports including a 1-inch national pipe thread port for connection to the test section specimens and ¼ inch ports for pressure measurement and thermocouples. The flow cross section areas for cracks are in the order of 10−7 m2 to 10−6 m2. The discharge section cross section is 2 × 10−3 m2. So the ratio of areas between the two is 103, thus the effect of the confined geometry is negligible on the discharge flow. It should be noted that the back pressure is key for critical pressure – as long as it is less than half of the upstream condition choking occurs.