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Trust
Published in Walter DeGrange, Lucia Darrow, Field Guide to Compelling Analytics, 2022
We propose a thought experiment. You have been invited to take a journey to the Marianas Trench at its deepest known point of 10,984 meters (36,037 feet). At that depth, the pressure is 1,071 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Any small defect in your vehicle guarantees a certain instantaneous death. Two submersibles are available for your trip. Submersible 1 has made 100 journeys to the location experiencing no issues. How this vehicle works is not well understood. Submersible 2 has never been to that depth. However, there is extensive documentation and mathematical models confirming that it should make the trip without any issues. Which one do you choose?
Earth Systems and Cycles
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
As plates subduct, valleys form and deep trenches may cut into the ocean floor. Trenches off the east coast of Japan are up to 10,554 meters (35,600 feet) deep in some places. The trench south of the Aleutian Islands is more than 3200 kilometers (2000 miles) long, 80 to 160 kilometers (50 to 100 miles) wide, and up to 7600 meters (25,000 feet) deep in some places. The deepest place in the oceans is the Marianas Trench in the eastern Pacific; it extends to 11,000 meters (36,000 feet) below sea level.
The Oceanic Sedimentary Environment
Published in Aurèle Parriaux, Geology, 2018
The continental rise, which is an extension of the continental slope, begins at a depth of around 2000 m. The continental rise is the place where turbidity currents from the overlying slope are deposited. Offshore of the continental rise the topography of the marine floor becomes almost flat; this is the abyssal plain. The only topography that disrupts this monotony is the mid-oceanic ridges (Chap. 6) and trenches in subduction zones. The Marianas trench offshore from Japan is the deepest on Earth, more than 11,000 meters deep.
Neural Network-Based Subduction Ground Motion Model and Its Application to New Zealand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2023
Sreenath Vemula, Sreejaya Kp, S.T.G. Raghukanth
The subduction process has created not only several natural wonders like the Himalayas and the Mariana Trench but also produced some of the catastrophic earthquakes and tsunamis (e.g. 2010 M8.81 Chile and 2011 M9.12 Tohoku earthquakes). These earthquakes result from the sudden burst of energy stored due to one plate thrusting over the other. Chile, Indonesia, and Japan are some of the very active subduction regions globally; thus, these regions record many earthquakes and experience significant hazards. The structures constructed in these regions must be adequately safe to prevent the loss of life and property. Developing a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) is thus very important as it is not only the basis for developing the seismic codes but also valuable for site-specific hazard analysis.