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Oil Contaminated Soil
Published in Ozcan Konur, Petrodiesel Fuels, 2021
Kelly M. McFarlin, Roger C. Prince
Landfarming is one of the oldest technologies for petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation (Lukic et al., 2017), although its use seems to be declining worldwide. Briefly, the process consists of mixing nutrients with contaminated soil and spreading the soil onto an appropriate area of minimally contaminated soil, and tilling to mix the contaminant into the upper meter of soil. Contaminated soils can also be excavated and spread onto lined beds (Kuppusamy et al., 2016). Frequent tilling and appropriate fertilizer addition maintains aeration and enhances the biodegradation and volatilization of petroleum hydrocarbons. Both volatilization and biodegradation are responsible for the removal of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, while higher molecular weight hydrocarbons are predominately removed by biodegradation. Large amounts of land are required for landfarming, which can unfortunately generate large amounts of dust as well as volatiles that may require treating in the surrounding air. The addition of moisture (40–80%) can minimize dust while maintaining an active microbial community (Kuppusamy et al., 2016). Marin et al. (2005) reported that landfarming removed 80% of total hydrocarbons over 11 months from soil contaminated with refinery sludge. Landfarming could take as little as six months or over two years depending on the amount of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (Kuppusamy et al., 2016).
General Types of Contaminated Site Restoration Methods and Technologies
Published in Kofi Asante-Duah, Management of Contaminated Site Problems, 2019
Landfarming has been proven most successful in treating petroleum hydrocarbons. However, because the lighter, more volatile hydrocarbons such as gasoline are treated very successfully by processes that use their volatility (e.g., SVE), the use of aboveground bioremediation is usually limited to heavier hydrocarbons. Contaminants that have been successfully treated using landfarming include diesel fuel, fuel oils, jet fuels, oily sludge, wood-preserving wastes (pentachlorophenol, PCP and creosote), coke wastes, and certain pesticides. As a rule of thumb, the higher the molecular weight (and the more rings with a PAH), the slower the degradation rate. Also, the more chlorinated or nitrated the compound, the more difficult it is to degrade. On the whole, land application is primarily used to treat aerobically biodegradable compounds such as nonhalogenated VOCs and SVOCs.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Products in Soil
Published in Edward J. Calabrese, Paul T. Kostecki, Principles and Practices for Petroleum Contaminated Soils, 2019
Christopher J. Englert, Earl J. Kenzie, James Dragun
Landfarming is commonly used for treatment of petroleum products and a wide range of liquid and solid waste. Landfarming is an enhanced bioremediation technique in which the petroleum product is spread on soil and biodegraded by soil microbes. Landfarming is effective for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, typically reducing total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels below 1000 mg/kg. Remediation to less than 100 mg/kg may require extended treatment time, addition of microbes, aqueous surfactants, and frequent rototilling or soil rotation.
Use of plant materials for the bioremediation of soil from an industrial site
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Danielle Aparecida Duarte Nunes, Andrea Medeiros Salgado, Emanuela Forestieri da Gama-Rodrigues, Rodrigo Gouvêa Taketani, Cláudia Duarte da Cunha, Eliana Flávia Camporese Sérvulo
Landfarming is a widely used bioremediation technique for the treatment of waste generated by the petroleum industry because of its relative simplicity and operational cost effectiveness.[10] This technology involves the repeated incorporation of oily sludge and other petroleum refinery wastes into the soil under controlled conditions to promote the degradation of the hazardous contaminants by indigenous microorganisms. Typically, the wastes are applied to a limited area of the soil surface and sporadically mixed using tractor or grate for aeration. However, this technique is not effective in many cases since it does not allow the total removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, specially the most recalcitrant and toxic ones.[7] Therefore, it is important to establish and maintain proper conditions to enhance the microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons.
Ex situ bioremediation of diesel fuel-contaminated soil in two different climates
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Tjaša Cenčič Predikaka, Tinkara Mastnak, Marta Svoljšak Jerman, Matjaž Finšgar
This study presents 365-day monitoring of the biological structure and microbial biomass in a landfarming unit (LU) constructed after an actual diesel fuel reservoir leakage in a fuel depot in Sermin, Slovenia. Landfarming is an above-ground remediation technology for soils that reduces petroleum contamination through biodegradation and is considered the simplest bioremediation technique due to its low cost and requirement of little equipment (Azubuike et al.2016). Aeration of soil in our study was achieved by mechanical turn overs (similar to tillage) and landfarming was combined with plant-assisted bioremediation technology.