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Street inlet hydraulics
Published in James C. Y. Guo, Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management, 2017
The performance of an inlet is subject to debris clogging. Selection of a clogging factor depends on the debris amount and types of trash on the street. As a common practice for street drainage (CDOT, 1990), a clogging factor of 50% is recommended for the design of a single grate inlet, whereas a clogging factor of 10% is recommended for sizing a single curb-opening inlet. In practice, it often takes more than a single unit to collect stormwater on the street. The clogging factor applied to a multiple-unit inlet shall be decreased with respect to the length of the inlet. As shown in Figure 10.14, linearly applying a clogging factor to a multiple-unit inlet leads to an excessive length. For instance, assuming a clogging factor of 50%, the length of an inlet should be doubled, or it implies that a six-unit inlet would intercept the same amount of storm runoff as a three-unit inlet under no clogging.
Fire Hazards of Materials and Their Control
Published in Peter M. Bochnak, Fire Loss Control, 2020
In addition to the fire resistance rating of the inside storage enclosure, openings to the other rooms or buildings should be provided with noncombustible, liquid-tight, raised sills or ramps, a minimum of 4 in. in height, or the floor in the storage area should be at least 4 in. below the surrounding floor. A permissible alternative to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench inside the room that drains to a safe location. An important point to keep in mind is that drains must be adequately sized, along with any salvage tank that may be provided. The tank will not only drain off a flammable liquid spill, but also will drain water from automatic sprinklers and hand hoses. Inlets must also be cleaned frequently to prevent clogging.
Simulation of Regional Water Systems
Published in Arnold H. Lobbrecht, Dynamic Water-System Control, 2020
Inlets are generally culvert-type structures that can control the downstream or upstream surface-water level (Fig. 4.13). Inlets discharge by gravity. In this thesis the inlet flow element is used to describe fixed in- or outflow. If the flow via the inlet depends on the water levels upstream and possibly also downstream, the sluice flow element should be used.
Testing restorative maintenance technologies for permeable interlocking concrete pavements
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2022
Jody Scott, Tahmineh Sarabian, Robert Bowers, Jennifer Drake
PICP systems eventually lose their capacity to infiltrate stormwater quickly as sediments build up in their joints and, when clogged, will generate surface runoff. In cold climates, clogging can occur rapidly because of winter maintenance practices like sanding (Drake, Bradford, and Van Seters 2014; American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2018). Regular maintenance of PICP surfaces is crucial to ensure a high level of function and performance. PICP maintenance is classified as routine or restorative (remedial) (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2018). Routine maintenance consists of surface maintenance, washing out inlet/outlet piping systems (perforated piping), replacing uneven pavers (depressions), weeding and winter maintenance such as clearing snow and salt applications (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2018). Whereas, restorative maintenance, the focus of this study, involves cleaning mature PICPs where their hydraulic conductivity has drastically decreased and when routine or preventative maintenance will no longer provide adequate restoration (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2018). Restorative maintenance is recommended when surface infiltration rates (SIR) fall below 250 mm/hr as noted by Smith (2011) and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2018).
Simulation analysis on the separation performance of spiral inlet hydrocyclone
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2021
Yuekan Zhang, Peikun Liu, Jiangbo Ge, Xinghua Yang, Meng Yang, Lanyue Jiang
The feed inlet is used as a channel to guide the slurry into the separation zone, and its structure has an important influence on the separation performance of the hydrocyclone (Cui et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2020). In recent years, research on the feed inlet of the hydrocyclone has received extensive attention. Its structure is roughly divided into two types: tangential inlet and curved inlet (Ye et al. 2019b). The traditional tangential inlet hydrocyclone has unstable flow field and poor separation effect. Tang et al. (2017) believed that reasonable control of the diameter of the inlet and feed speed was beneficial in improving the separation performance of the hydrocyclone. Fan et al. (2015) believed that the inclination angle of the feed inlet had an important influence on the separation performance of the hydrocyclone. The short-circuit flow was effectively improved by optimizing the inclination angle of the feed inlet. In addition, involutes and spirals are common curve inlet forms (Ji, Kuang, and Yu 2019; Razmi, Goharrizi, and Mohebbi 2019). The normal of any point of the involute is tangent to the base circle. Based on this feature, Zhang et al. (2017) regards the involute as a combination of multi-section tangent-circle inlets with different curvature radius and conducted an in-depth comparative study on the tangent-circle inlet. However, few research publications have reported on the spiral inlet structure. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the flow-field characteristics and separation performance of the spiral inlet hydrocyclone has important research significance for guiding actual production.