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Meteorological Drought Indices: Rainfall Prediction in Argentina
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity, 2017
Marcela H. González, Eugenia M. Garbarini, Alfredo L. Rolla, Saeid Eslamian
SST anomalies in tropical oceans act as remote forcing generating teleconnections. Although the ENSO is the main one, the Indian Ocean anomalies are also relevant. The SST anomalies in tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans generate Rossby wave trends, which propagate meridionally toward middle latitudes from the tropical source [30,42,50]. Mo [42] studied the southern hemispheric climate patterns and defined these waves in the Pacific as “Pacific South American Pattern.” In the Indian Ocean, the “Indian Ocean Dipole” (IOD) [57] is defined: a positive IOD phase is characterized by cooler than normal water in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and warmer than normal water in the tropical western Indian Ocean. Saji et al. [57] also detect that this phase is associated with a rainfall decrease in central and southern Australia. In South America, the IOD influences precipitation distribution too. Chan et al. [10] showed that the IOD is also associated with a Rossby wave trend extending from the tropical Indian Ocean to the South Pacific and causes a dipolar pattern in rainfall anomalies between subtropical La Plata basin and central Brazil where rainfall is reduced (enhanced) over the latter (former) during austral spring. Liu et al. [38] explain this teleconnection using the theory of planetary waves [27]: the energy propagation path of planetary waves is approximately along the path of the Rossby wave train.
Future issues of IFRM
Published in Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, Integrated Flood Risk Management, 2023
The cause of current climatic change is considered the increase of greenhouse gasses and a resultant global warming. This changes the sea surface temperature and global climatic system including El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), westerlies, monsoons, etc. They change seasonality, size and locations of high pressures, low pressures and cyclones. Heavy rains, changes in snowfalls, super cyclones, increased variation of seasonal and annual precipitation and prolonged droughts may be the main forms of climate change.
Meteorological drought prediction of marathwada subdivision based on hydro-climatic inputs using genetic programming
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
One more large-scale circulation pattern observed in the Indian Ocean viz. Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD) also influences the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall (Saji et al. 1999). ‘Dipole’ means a combination of two distinct points with opposite characteristics. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode is a typical pattern of internal variability with anomalously low sea surface temperatures off Sumatra and high sea surface temperatures in the western Indian Ocean. The IOD mode is always accompanied by wind and precipitation anomalies. This mode shows typical characteristics e.g. large changes in equatorial zonal wind field (70° E – 90° E, 5° S – 5° N) and seasonal phase locking. Strong empirical evidence for coupling between SST and the wind field through the precipitation field are the typical characteristics of IOD mode (Saji et al. 1999).
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5
Published in Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2021
Karina von Schuckmann, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Neville Smith, Ananda Pascual, Samuel Djavidnia, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Marilaure Grégoire, Signe Aaboe, Victor Alari, Brittany E. Alexander, Andrés Alonso-Martirena, Ali Aydogdu, Joel Azzopardi, Marco Bajo, Francesco Barbariol, Mirna Batistić, Arno Behrens, Sana Ben Ismail, Alvise Benetazzo, Isabella Bitetto, Mireno Borghini, Laura Bray, Arthur Capet, Roberto Carlucci, Sourav Chatterjee, Jacopo Chiggiato, Stefania Ciliberti, Giulia Cipriano, Emanuela Clementi, Paul Cochrane, Gianpiero Cossarini, Lorenzo D'Andrea, Silvio Davison, Emily Down, Aldo Drago, Jean-Noël Druon, Georg Engelhard, Ivan Federico, Rade Garić, Adam Gauci, Riccardo Gerin, Gerhard Geyer, Rianne Giesen, Simon Good, Richard Graham, Marilaure Grégoire, Eric Greiner, Kjell Gundersen, Pierre Hélaouët, Stefan Hendricks, Johanna J. Heymans, Jason Holt, Marijana Hure, Mélanie Juza, Dimitris Kassis, Paula Kellett, Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Panagiotis Kountouris, Marilii Kõuts, Priidik Lagemaa, Thomas Lavergne, Jean-François Legeais, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Vidar S. Lien, Leonardo Lima, Sigrid Lind, Ye Liu, Diego Macías, Ilja Maljutenko, Antoine Mangin, Aarne Männik, Veselka Marinova, Riccardo Martellucci, Francesco Masnadi, Elena Mauri, Michael Mayer, Milena Menna, Catherine Meulders, Jane S. Møgster, Maeva Monier, Kjell Arne Mork, Malte Müller, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Giulio Notarstefano, José L. Oviedo, Cyril Palerme, Andreas Palialexis, Diego Panzeri, Silvia Pardo, Elisaveta Peneva, Paolo Pezzutto, Annunziata Pirro, Trevor Platt, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Laura Prieto, Stefano Querin, Lasse Rabenstein, Roshin P. Raj, Urmas Raudsepp, Marco Reale, Richard Renshaw, Antonio Ricchi, Robert Ricker, Sander Rikka, Javier Ruiz, Tommaso Russo, Jorge Sanchez, Rosalia Santoleri, Shubha Sathyendranath, Giuseppe Scarcella, Katrin Schroeder, Stefania Sparnocchia, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Emil Stanev, Joanna Staneva, Alexandra Stocker, Ad Stoffelen, Anna Teruzzi, Bryony Townhill, Rivo Uiboupin, Nadejda Valcheva, Luc Vandenbulcke, Håvard Vindenes, Karina von Schuckmann, Nedo Vrgoč, Sarah Wakelin, Walter Zupa
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an air–sea coupled mode of variability in the Indian Ocean exacerbating moderate to extreme variations at the air–sea interface such as precipitation and ocean hydrography changes. OSR5 has analysed the classical IOD index – the Dipole Mode Index – based on Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and complemented the analysis with a sea level-based indicator demonstrating the increased performance of IOD monitoring based on a combined use of both indexes (Section 2.9). Results report on two particularly strong events in 1997 and 2019, inducing drought periods in the land areas bordering the eastern Indian Ocean, and extreme precipitation in the western part of the basin.