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Systems for Design and Selection
Published in Adrian A. Hopgood, Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists, 2021
Many knowledge-based systems for conceptual design attempt to make use of past designs (e.g., CYCLOPS, mentioned in Section 13.5), as indeed do human designers. Some past designs that are relevant to designing the beam are shown in Figure 13.8. These are:I-beams used in the construction of buildings;box girder bridges; andsandwich structures used in aircraft wings.
Innovative bolted end-plate connections for high web I-beams
Published in Marian A. Giżejowski, Aleksander Kozłowski, Marcin Chybiński, Katarzyna Rzeszut, Robert Studziński, Maciej Szumigała, Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures, 2021
The modelling method for contact and the finite elements used are the same as those in (Hotała et al. 2020). The elastic-plastic model for S355 steel was used. Class 10.9 bolt material was also modelled as ideally elastic-plastic as fub=720 MPa, a fyb=900 MPa. The boundary limit for deformation of bolt material under tension was adopted in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013), i.e. εlim=9%. The load-bearing capacity of the I-beam profile analysed was Mc,Rd=2750 kNm. The authors are familiar with the models of materials used for FEM calculations of bolted connections, e.g. (Sumner 2003), but these were not used as the calculation parameters for the materials as these were taken from the EN 1993-1-8 standard.
Mechanics of Structures and Their Analysis
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
A continuous beam is a multispan beam with hinged support that is statically indeterminate. The end spans can be cantilever, freely supported or fixed. A reaction along the beam axis must be able to establish at least one of the supports of a continuous beam. These beam types are used in structures such as bridges and buildings, where the supports are strong enough for heavy loads.
Optimization of a frame structure using the Coulomb force search strategy-based dragonfly algorithm
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2020
Yongliang Yuan, Liye Lv, Xiaobang Wang, Xueguan Song
The front axle of an automobile is a classic example of an engineering optimization problem, which has been investigated by Shi et al. (2017). In this case, the front axle beam, which is mainly composed of an I-beam structure, is selected, as shown in Figure 8. I-beam structures are popular in many modern engineering designs, such as front axles, bridge structures and architectural designs, because of their high bending strength and light weight. The maximum normal stress and shear stress are , respectively, where are the time-dependent bending moment and torque, respectively. The values of can be calculated as follows: where are illustrated in Figure 8(b); are the basic bending moment and torque, respectively; and is the time parameter, which takes values in the range of [0,1]. To guarantee the strength of the front axle, the limit state function is given by Equation (26): where is the limit yield stress.