China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Groundwater Modeling
Published in Mohammad Karamouz, Azadeh Ahmadi, Masih Akhbari, Groundwater Hydrology, 2020
Mohammad Karamouz, Azadeh Ahmadi, Masih Akhbari
A mathematical groundwater model can be used to simulate and describe real-world groundwater flow. The mathematical model is developed by translating a conceptual model in the form of governing equations, with associated boundary and initial conditions. This model can then be solved using a numerical model, which is developed through the implementation of computer programs (codes). A groundwater simulation model is a nonunique model due to different sets of assumptions used for simplifying the mathematical description of groundwater flow. It can be less burdened by approximating the investigated groundwater system and taking simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity, isotropy, direction of flow, geometry of the aquifer, mechanisms of contaminant transport, and its reaction. Models can simulate more complicated problems with higher accuracy, utilizing more inputs, system parameters, and boundary conditions. A successful model can result from a complete site investigation and field data. Thus, the model selection is a trade-off among different computational burdens including boundary conditions, grid discretization, time steps, the model accuracy, and ways to avoid truncation errors and numerical oscillations.
Water Resources Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
In hydrogeology, groundwater flow is defined as the “part of stream flow that has infiltrated the ground, has entered the phreatic zone, and has been discharged into a stream channel, via springs or seepage water.” It is governed by the groundwater flow equation. Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand, and rocks. An area where water fills these spaces is called a phreatic zone or saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly through the layers of soil, sand, and rocks called aquifers. The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability (the size of the spaces in the soil or rocks and how well the spaces are connected) and the hydraulic head (water pressure).
Tackling Heterogeneity in Groundwater Numerical Modeling: A Comparison of Linear and Inverse Geostatistical Approaches— Example of a Volcanic Aquifer in the East African Rift
Published in M. Thangarajan, Vijay P. Singh, Groundwater Assessment, Modeling, and Management, 2016
Groundwater recharge is a fundamental component in the water balance of any aquifer and a key component in any model of groundwater flow. Its accurate quantification is crucial to proper management and protection of groundwater resources. The groundwater recharge in the study area has been estimated by Yitbarek (2009) using groundwater table fluctuation (Healy and Cook, 2002) and base flow (Riser et al., 2005) methods. This outcome was introduced as such in the models developed here.
Patterns in transboundary aquifer governance: comparative analysis of eight case studies from the perspective of efficacy
Published in Water International, 2022
Maya Velis, Kirstin I. Conti, Frank Biermann
Groundwater governance is inherently complex, owing partly to the challenges of resource monitoring (Akhmouch & Clavreul, 2018). Despite advances in satellite data applications, groundwater monitoring is typically complex and intensive. Compared with surface water, groundwater has long residence times and wide-ranging renewability. As a result, there is often a lag from onset to observation of negative impacts (e.g., reduction in yield or increased salinity). Groundwater flow further depends on resource-specific properties of the water-bearing formation, any overlying layers and connections to the water cycle. Depending on such characteristics, intensive groundwater use and unsustainable land management may have far-reaching impacts beyond the area where such activities occur, with potential transboundary implications (Eckstein & Eckstein, 2005).
Assessing the effects of land cover change in runoff processes with RHESSys: a case study in the Waterford River Watershed, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2023
David Bautista, Lakshman Galagedara
Implementing strategies that reduce the impact of urbanization can alleviate the impact of increasing impervious lands. Different strategies can reduce peak flows in terms of maximum and total flow resulting from intense rainfall events. Some authors recommend the improvement of a green network when development increases, or enhancement of the pervious coverage under trees in the current urban green structure condition (Bautista and Peña-Guzmán 2019; Cavender-Bares et al. 2022; TRCA 2011). Groundwater flow, dry weather flow in particular, can be maintained by increasing infiltration and therefore recharging permeable aquifers during rainy seasons.