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Analysis of streamflow response to land use and land cover changes using satellite data and hydrological modelling
Published in Khalid Elnour Ali Hassaballah, Land Degradation in the Dinder and Rahad Basins, 2021
Streamflow is an important hydrological variable needed for water resource planning and management and for ecosystem conservations. The rainfall runoff process over the upper Dinder and Rahad basins (D&R) is complex and non-linear and exhibits temporal and spatial variability (Hassaballah et al., 2016). To manage water resources effectively at a local level, decision makers need to understand how human activities and climate change may impact local streamflow. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the hydrological processes in the runoff-generated catchments and the possible interlinkages of the LULC changes with catchment runoff. For this reason, satellite data and hydrological modelling were used to analyze the LULC changes and their impacts on streamflow response in the D&R.
California Climate Change, Hydrologic Response, and Flood Forecasting
Published in A. Szöllösi-Nagy, C. Zevenbergen, Urban Flood Management, 2018
Changes in the snowmelt timing coupled with increased winter-time warm precipitation (rain) suggest an increased likelihood of high streamflow days that may result in floods. To evaluate likelihoods of future flooding, 30 year high flow days were calculated and ranked for both the HadCM2 and PCM, as well as for the present day period. Figure 10.10 indicates that for both the relatively warm, wet HadCM2 and cool, dry PCM, there is a significant increase in the likelihood of high flow days. For each curve shown in Figure 10.10, the median of the annual maximum daily flow (50%) increases with increasing temperature. The 5% exceedance high flow (the rightmost symbols in each plot) for the projected climates exceeds current conditions, implying an increased likelihood of high flow days (i.e. floods).
The water balance
Published in Stephen A. Thompson, Hydrology for Water Management, 2017
The water balance procedure brings together many of the components of the hydrologic system into a single unified analysis. The procedure has minimal data requirements which makes it easy to apply. Even though it is not a sophisticated process-based model of the hydrologic system, it is useful in its ability to evaluate the time-varying moisture regime at any location. The fact that it can be used either on an average or continuous basis makes it applicable to a wide variety of environmental problems. One of the most important processes in the hydrologic system is runoff and stream flow. The water balance treats runoff only in a very generalized fashion. In Chapter 10 we examine runoff processes in more detail.
Assessing changing flow regime of upper and middle reaches of Narmada river using the indicators of hydrological alterations (IHA) metrics
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
Sumaira Javaid, Waseem A. Bhat, Rayees Ahmed, Abid Farooq Rather, Syed Towseef Ahmad, Pervez Ahmed
In the present study middle category values between the 25th and 75th percentile were taken for alteration assessment. Streamflow is affected by climate variability and anthropogenic activities (due to dams). Therefore, the effects of climate variability need to be removed. Generally, the magnitude of streamflow due to the variability of climate is categorized by high and low flows. If streamflow is less than the 25th percentile, it is called as low flow, and if streamflow is above the 75th percentile, it is called as high flow (Uday Kumar and Kv 2020). Hydrological Alteration (HA) index for each of the 33 Hydrological Indicators (HI) is calculated using the following equation (1).
Parameterization and uncertainty analysis of stream flow in the Barak River basin – a case study
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
Shehnaj Ahmed Pathan, Briti Sundar Sil
The most valuable resource for the living beings is water. Proper utilization in terms of both quality and quantity is important. Increasing population, high living standards, and different policies of water use affect the demand on water supplies which is needed for domestic purpose, irrigation, and industry. Hydrological model is an essential tool to meet these increasing demands. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of hydrological processes including stream flow is required for watershed management. Streamflow represents the total discharge or total volume of water that moves through a particular section in a river or channel during a given period of time. Changes in streams and streamflow are indicators of changes in basin dynamics, landuse, and climatic variation. In a stream, the flow parameters are affected by both natural and human-induced factors. Water used by the plants and evaporation can affect the streamflow significantly. During summer, vegetation has huge impact on flow as the streamside vegetation uses more amount of water. Groundwater flow also affects streamflow but comparatively at slower rate. It is difficult to manage water resources, as there is an increasing demand for water and seasonal variations in streamflow. Therefore, for watershed management and other sustainable development, proper assessment of streamflow is essential (Singh et al. 2013).
Trend analysis and abrupt change detection of streamflow variations in the lower Tigris River Basin, Iraq
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2021
Streamflow is an important component of the hydrological cycle. It represents the main source of water resources in many parts of the world used for agriculture needs, domestic consumption, and biodiversity requirements. Water shortages and scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions have become a severe issue facing the development of agriculture and water resources. Thus, understanding the availability and changeability of regional surface water resources under the effects of human activities and climate change has presented a great challenge to water scientists and hydrologists (Zhang et al. 2011). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the variations in streamflow across time and space and evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities and climate change for sustainable water resources management.