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Introduction
Published in Burt G. Look, Earthworks, 2023
Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behaviour of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering is not simply the sum of soil mechanics + rock mechanics as closely allied terminology and overlapping fields of expertise include geo-environmental engineering, geological engineering, and engineering geology. In the late twentieth century, geotechnical engineering was considered a specialisation. Yet further specialisation is occurring within the “broad” field of geotechnical engineering.
Application of a model for mitigation against liquefaction occurrence
Published in Kosta Talaganov, Gunther Schmid, Computational Structural Dynamics, 2020
V. Sesov, K. Talaganov, I. Towhata, N. Harada
Observations from recent earthquake case histories (Philippines 1990, Kobe-Japan 1995, Taiwan 1999, Izmit-Turkey 1999) show that occurrence of dynamic soil instability causes a large number of structures to be destroyed, leading to severe loss of human lives and various properties. Particularly in geotechnical engineering, dynamic instability of saturated sandy soils known as liquefaction is one of the most drastic and catastrophic phenomena induced by earthquakes. According to past experience where liquefaction of ground took place, damage cost increased by about 10 times than that without liquefaction occurrence. This shows the importance of prevention ofliquefaction of ground thereby to minimize damage. Although liquefaction does not kill people, it can cause external instability of structures such as settlements, inclination and uplift and internal instability like deformations induced in the structures, which often results in failure of structural members. Mitigation measures against liquefaction should prevent development of unacceptable magnitudes of deformation of facilities.
Introduction to geotechnical engineering
Published in John Atkinson, The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations, 2017
Figure 1.1 illustrates a range of geotechnical structures. Except for the foundations, the retaining walls and the tunnel lining all are made from natural geological materials. In slopes and retaining walls the soils apply the loads as well as provide strength and stiffness. Geotechnical engineering is simply the branch of engineering that deals with structures built of, or in, natural soils and rocks. The subject requires knowledge of strength and stiffness of soils and rocks, methods of analyses of structures and hydraulics of groundwater flow.
Stress state and noncoaxiality of Leighton Buzzard sand in NGI-type bi-directional simple shear tests
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
In geotechnical engineering, several laboratory tests are widely used to study the shear behavior of soils, such as direct shear test, triaxial test, hollow cylinder test, and direct simple shear test. Among available testing apparatuses, a newly developed apparatus, bi-directional NGI-type simple shear apparatus, it is possible to apply shear stresses in two perpendicular directions, while other devices can only apply one shear stress on a soil sample due to the limitation of these apparatuses. In most developed bi-directional simple shear apparatus, a stack of rings is used for lateral constraints of tested samples (Boulanger et al. 1993; Casagrande and Rendon 1978; DeGroot, Germaine, and Ladd 1993; Ishihara and Yamazaki 1980; 1975; Rutherford 2012), which is a unique characteristic as an NGI-type simple shear apparatus. However, due to the unique constraints, sample’s lateral stress is difficult to be measured. As a result, the complete stress state is unknown which limited its interpretation of results.
A comparative study between strength and durability of bentonite and natural gum stabilised sand
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2022
Shamshad Alam, Assefa Weldu Gebremedhin, Hika Wachila Atomsa, Afzal Husain Khan
The basic purpose of soil stabilisation in geotechnical engineering is to alter its geotechnical properties such as particle stability, strength, load carrying capacity, permeability coefficient, stability and erosion resistance (Ivanov and Chu 2008, Chang et al. 2015). Several ground improvement techniques have been developed in the past, which includes mechanical and chemical stabilisation. Presently, industrial byproducts such as fly ash, red mud, blast furnace slag, water treatment sludge and steel milling waste (Bell 1996, Edil et al. 2006, Tastan et al. 2011, Sharma et al. 2012, Celik and Nalbantoglu 2013, Suksiripattanapong et al. 2015, Chen et al. 2019, Cabalar et al. 2020) are used for soil stabilisation and development of civil engineering construction materials. Several researchers used the recycled crushed bricks (Arulrajah et al. 2012), construction-demolition waste (Arulrajah et al. 2013, Rahman et al. 2014, Cabalar et al. 2016a, Calabar et al. 2017a), ceramic tiles waste (Cabalar et al. 2016a) for soil stabilisation. Cabalar and Karabash (2015) studied the impact of tire chips and cement on the CBR value of crushed rock as sub-base materials. However, utilisation of these byproducts poses environmental hazard due to leaching of heavy metals (Goswami and Mahanta 2007, Komonweeraket et al. 2015). Biopolymers are the repeated chain of high molecular weight monomers produced from the biological cell (Khachatoorian et al. 2003) and pose minor or negligible negative impact on the soil ecosystem (Qureshi et al. 2017).
Drilled shafts in sand: failure pattern and tip resistance using numerical and analytical approaches
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022
Majid Jazebi, Mohammad M. Ahmadi
Deep foundations are used to transfer the loads from infrastructure such as high-rise buildings, towers, and bridges to the ground. There are different types of deep foundations, such as bored piles (or drilled shafts), driven piles, pre-bored piles, and precast piles to name a few. Among these types, drilled shafts and driven piles are more common in geotechnical engineering. In pile-soil systems failure can occur for both soil and pile. Failure of pile due to different reasons such as liquefaction, uplift buckling, and ground shocks has been investigated before. This study focuses on the soil failure around the axially loaded pile. (Das 2015; Saeedi et al. 2018; Jayasinghe et al. 2014; Gayarre et al., 2009)