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Geohazards
Published in White David, Cassidy Mark, Offshore Geotechnical Engineering, 2017
Geohazards are defined as geological and fluid–dynamic conditions or processes that can lead to the movement of soil, rock, fluid or gas during sudden episodic events or slow progressive deformations. For offshore oil and gas developments geohazards have the potential, i.e. a certain probability of occurrence, to cause injury or loss of life, damage to the environment or infrastructure and can impose significant additional project costs to mitigate their effects.
Land
Published in Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser, Sustainability and the Rights of Nature, 2017
Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser
“Geohazard” is the term for a geological phenomenon that has the potential to create widespread damage. Typical geohazards include earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, mudflows, floods, snow avalanches, sinkholes, and tsunamis.
Urban hazards caused by ground deformation and building subsidence over fossil lake beds: a study from Taipei City
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Among the hazards that pose an often unpredictable risk, geohazards usually form considerable and commonly widespread threats which affect people and structures in urban areas. Natural occurring geohazards may even be triggered or amplified by human activities in the course of urban development and construction. Prominent examples of disasters caused by underestimation of geohazards on different scales are building collapses (Cui et al. 2014; Longoni et al. 2016; Vassileva et al. 2021). For the Surfside condominium collapse in Miami in 2021, it was discovered that the building subsurface has had experienced continuous subsidence. Despite observations of early signals, no countermeasures were taken (Lu et al. 2021). Similar events occurred in Como City in northern Italy (Nappo et al. 2021) as well as in cities in Spain, Mexico, Korea, and India (Peduto et al. 2015). In order to detect potential hazards early and systematically, long-term monitoring of the deformation of the ground surface and building structures are paramount to detect potential risks in order to obtain a solid basis for making decisions and to ultimately maintain urban safety.
Risk assessment of geohazards along Cheng-Kun railway using fuzzy AHP incorporated into GIS
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Qian Zheng, Hai-Min Lyu, Annan Zhou, Shui-Long Shen
With the development of the economy, the importance of railway systems that connect cities, shorten transportation time for people, and facilitate the exchange of goods is becoming more significant. According to data from the National Railway Administration up to 2019, China’s operating railway mileage has reached 139,000 km (NRA 2020). Railway accidents may threaten the safety of passengers, employees, road users, and surrounding residents within the railway area. Therefore, the safe operation of railway systems has become a major concern for the authorities. China is a country that experiences frequent geological disasters (geohazards) and contains almost all types of landforms (Lyu et al. 2018b) and, in China, geohazards have been identified as the main causes of damage to railway systems (Lyu et al. 2018a; Khalid et al. 2019). Geohazards and disasters occur under the influence of natural or human factors and result in the loss of human life and damage to property and the environment. The main types of geohazards include landslides, slumps, mudslides, ground collapse, and earthquakes.
How virtual reality can help visualise and assess geohazards
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2019
Hans-Balder Havenith, Philippe Cerfontaine, Anne-Sophie Mreyen
Geohazard assessment involves the collection of information about the possible sources of geological hazards (e.g. active faults, volcanic structures, ground morphology) for a site or a region as well as their integration within a model that can be used for simulations of dynamic geological processes. Additionally, some calculations have to be performed allowing us to estimate the probability of occurrence in time and space of those potentially hazardous processes. The 4D geospace that we started to develop is supposed to integrate multiple information about geohazard sources and related models as well as the simulation and probabilistic calculation results, thus establishing closer links between modelling inputs and outputs, which can be better controlled. The 4D geospace is a virtual environment based on a combination of numerical calculation and data visualisation tools. Typically, input data processing and simulations are run outside the visualisation environment – as real-time processing and simulations require long computation times. Most singular tools to do this research exist but, at present, they are only weakly integrated. Extensive ad hoc processing is necessary. Multi-scale views need to be prepared successively. Incompatibilities of data in- and outputs are often observed by changing the software; some outputs can only partly be read by the post-processing or visualisation tools. And, if it turns out that some calculations have to be redone, often the whole in- and outputs need to be re-integrated after re-processing.