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Sanitary Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
This is an old system in which various types of wastes such as night soil, garbage, etc., are collected once in 24 hours. Different methods of collection of various types of wastes in the system: Night soil: Night soils or human excreta in latrines, privies, or cesspools, etc., are collected separately in pans or pails and carried on heads of sweepers to a central place from where it is transported in bullock carts or motor vans to a place away from the town for its final disposal. Normally, it is buried into ground, in trenches, to give excellent manure in 1 or 2 years.Garbage: Garbage is collected separately, in dust bins and conveyed on hand carts or motor van once or twice in a day. It may consist of wastewater of both noncombustible as well as combustible type. Garbage disposal methods include the open dump, hog feeding, incineration, dumping into sanitary fill, fermentation, or biological digestion. Incineration if properly controlled is satisfactory for burning combustible refuse.Sullage and storm water: Sullage and storm water are gathered and passed on independently in shut or open drains. The fluid and semi-fluid mass of filth which most of the time floods the repositories in privies is cleared away by the sweepers to deplete from the privies, which convey it to channels conveying sullage and storm water, along the general population paths or boulevards.
Environmental impact of waste plastic pyrolysis oil on insulated piston diesel engine with methoxyethyl acetate additive
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Padmanabhan Sambandam, Parthasarathy Murugesan, Vinod Kumar Thangaraj, Muthuraman Vadivel, Muraliraja Rajaraman, Ganesan Subbiah
Due to fast industrialization and population growth, the energy crisis and environmental degradation have become significant global issues. Plastic bottles, bags, and other solid debris take a long time to disintegrate in nature. Landfilling, recycling, and burning plastic pose major health and environmental concerns to both individuals and the environment. Thus, plastic pollution must be eliminated to prevent further environmental harm (Patni et al. 2013). About 60% of the plastic could be recycled, while the remaining 40% was dumped in a landfill. Plastic garbage is difficult to manage and pollutes the environment since it is not biodegradable. Thermal recycling or burning of plastics is gaining popularity. Plastic garbage disposal offers significant energy saving and recovery possibilities (Shamsuyeva and Endres 2021). Plastic contains hydrocarbons, which are a clean burning, eco-friendly fuel. Pyrolysis is a method for recovering energy from waste polymers that is both ecologically and economically beneficial (Mangesh et al. 2017).
Hydraulic and mechanical behavior of landfill clay liner containing SSA in contact with leachate
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Qian Zhang, Haijun Lu, Junzhu Liu, Weiwei Wang, Xiong Zhang
A garbage sanitary landfill is the main method used for garbage disposal. In recent years, leachate leakage and structure instability have frequently occurred in landfill clay liner systems. Landfill leachate is a type of wastewater containing high concentration of organic mixtures that may be highly toxic and difficult to be degraded. Once the landfill liner layer is damaged, the leachate leakage necessarily contaminates the soil and groundwater, thereby posing a threat to human life [1]. Sludge with the high content of organic matter is a by-product of wastewater treatment, and easily stinks. Thus, without harmless treatment, sewage sludge contaminates environment [2]. Up to now, there are few researches in the resource utilization of the sewage sludge.