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Endorheic Lake Dynamics: Remote Sensing
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Fresh Water and Watersheds, 2020
Atmospheric precipitation over much of the Earth’s land eventually returns to the ocean through rivers, whereas precipitation falling into some interesting areas does not flow back into the ocean. These areas are endorheic basins. An endorheic basin, also known as a closed basin, is a drainage basin that retains water within it, prohibiting water outflow to external rivers or the ocean.[1] The retained water accumulates in the basin bottom, forming endorheic lakes. Endorheic lakes are water bodies whose water does not flow into the ocean. Endorheic lakes may include both through-flow lakes and terminal lakes in an endorheic basin. The water in through-flow lakes eventually flows to its final destination: terminal lakes. As endorheic lakes do not have outlets for the water to flow out of their basins, the only pathways for water to leave the drainage system are evaporation and seepage, either evaporating into the air or seeping into the ground. The water falling as precipitation in the basin dissolves and carries minerals during the course of transporting to its destinations—endorheic lakes, and the water in the lakes evaporates, leaving a high concentration of minerals and other inflow erosion products in the lakes. This process over time can render endorheic lakes rather saline and sensitive to environmental pollutions. Endorheic lakes include some of the world’s large lakes, such as the largest, the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea in Asia, the Lake Chad in Africa, the Great Salt Lake in North America, and Lake Eyre in Australia. They largely are saline or salt lakes located in dry climates.
Efficiencies of available organic mixtures for the biological treatment of highly acidic-sulphate rich drainage of the San Jose mine, Bolivia
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Carla Oporto, Gabriela Baya, Carlo Vandecasteele
The San José mine is located in Oruro – Bolivia (17° 57′ 43.44″ S latitude, 67° 7′ 34.14″ W longitude, 3709 m high). The Oruro mining district has been one of the main silver and tin producers in Bolivia along the history [22]. The AMD has historically been pumped out to avoid mine flooding and discharged without treatment (average flow 8 m3 s−1) into the Tagarete River that flows into the Uru Uru lake (Altiplano Endorheic basin). In the department of Oruro the major economic activity is mining along with, to a smaller extent, camelid and sheep breeding, together with quinoa agriculture. These characteristics make the sources of organic conditioners scarce.
Sedimentary and drainage evolution of the Condamine Valley Transition Zone (eastern Australia)
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019
P. Manchee, V. Bianchi, U. Shaanan, J. Esterle
Following incision of the silcrete, an aggrading cycle occurred with the deposition of organic-rich clays (Zone D), possibly in a lower-energy endorheic basin setting, where sediment accumulation exceeded the rate of sediment removal. This event could have been generated by either, or a combination, of the late Oligocene/early Miocene emplacement of Main Range Volcanics, a change in base level, or a significant tectonic disruption. The erosive based granular sands of the alluvium unconformably cover this clay horizon (Zone E), indicating the transformation from a sink zone to a higher-energy sediment outlet regime.