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Cooperative Control of Networked Power Systems
Published in Magdi S Mahmoud, Multiagent Systems, 2020
In the the sequel, an MG is modeled as an inventory system, where both the power internal production and the power internal demand are stochastic processes. As regards the former, each MG can integrate several DGs, which may lead to the exploitation of the available resources in each location in a more stable way. The MG local power production is an RES-based system, specifically based on intermittent sources, e.g., wind and solar sources. Similarly, the MG demand is taken into account as the resultant of the demand of a group of households connected to the MG. It is supposed that the MG demand has to be always fully satisfied. The inventory is represented by a given technology (e.g., a battery or an elevated water reservoir) implementing the ESS. The ESS can improve the stability, power quality, and reliability of the supply.
The Innovation Process Model
Published in Frank Voehl, H. James Harrington, Rick Fernandez, Brett Trusko, The Framework for Innovation, 2018
Frank Voehl, H. James Harrington, Rick Fernandez, Brett Trusko
Customary undertaking and asset administration instruments are likewise fundamental to the development procedure.43 For more than 20 years, execution “structured and structure” (ESS) processes of product development – and most remarkably the stage-gate process – have been in use. On the off chance that they are suitably used, they enable organizations to take great steps toward enhancing the business effect of product improvement. One reason is that these procedures accentuate the significance of finishing the work required at the fluffy front end with the goal that the correct items are supported using interaction design.44
Equipment Reliability
Published in Robert Doering, Yoshio Nishi, Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, 2017
Environmental Stress Screening Tests. As the title indicates, the ESS tests are conducted in an operating environment that is harsher (stressed) than the normal environment of expected use. The main purpose of the test is to weed out parts that, otherwise, would not fail under normal operating environment. This test increases confidence that all received parts are of good quality and they will last longer (i.e., have better reliability).
Prognostic modelling for industrial asset health management
Published in Safety and Reliability, 2022
Neda Gorjian Jolfaei, Raufdeen Rameezdeen, Nima Gorjian, Bo Jin, Christopher W. K. Chow
While human experts may not be available to continuously monitor a system, ESs are able to constantly monitor the condition of the system and make expert decisions. The other advantages of ESs are: ease of development, transparent reasoning, multiple expertise, intelligent database, ability to reason even under uncertainty and complete responses at all times (Liu et al., 1996). Although ESs have been successfully applied to prognostic applications, they suffer from a few limitations. They are specific to a system under study. An ES could not update and handle new situations that are not covered explicitly in its knowledge base. Furthermore, computational problems may occur when the number of rules increases dramatically. It was found that obtaining domain knowledge and converting it to rules is not easy.
Smart grid mechanism for green energy management: A comprehensive review
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Adila Fakhar, Ahmed M.A. Haidar, M.O. Abdullah, Narottam Das
The current distributed renewable generation (DRG) technologies typically range from 1 kW to 10 MW, and they are available with the energy storage systems (ESS) in todayʻs electric markets. These technologies can be designed in a microgrid structure to meet the specific technical requirements of customers, which often tie near the end-user at the distribution level or operate as a stand-alone power system (Thakur and Vig 2017). The primary designing step of the renewable generation system is defined by its technical requirements as the selection of technologies depends on the availability of renewable resources, required operating conditions, functionality, and performance attributes. A system-based approach allows the optimal scale selection, type of generation technology, and other components for maximum efficiency as well as managing energy costs. The components of DRG are interconnected to supply a variety of dynamic loads and operate under a set of grid conditions. To achieve smart functionalities of monitoring and control, DRG must integrate several technology platforms and components which are characterized into three groups as shown in Figure 3 Several mainstream renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, small-hydro, and ESS) are in practice in the twenty-first century to generate electrical power, whereas other advanced technologies, such as concentrated solar power, wave energy, tidal energy, and enhanced geothermal energy are still under development (Hussain, Arif, and Aslam 2017). The widely used renewable sources that form the structure of microgrids are summarized in Table 3. Intermittent renewable resources like solar and wind will require a more flexible power grid to cope with the energy curtailment across various timescales by deploying ESS. Storage technologies are classified according to the nature of energy systems, such as electro-chemical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal. The key factors of ESS are the physical facilities, efficiency, interaction with surrounding components, safety, and reliability. In small-scale DRG systems, battery energy storage is deployed to cope with the intermittency of renewable resources while pumped-hydro storage, synthetic natural gas storage, and compressed air energy storage have proven their advantages in large-scale storage systems (Kyriakopoulos and Arabatzis 2016).