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The computer monitor-control and collection-processing system In UCG
Published in Heping Xie, Yuehan Wang, Yaodong Jiang, Computer Applications in the Mineral Industries, 2020
Lanhe Yang, Jie Liang, Shuqin Liu
The principle of the new technique of the UCG is the same as that of the ground coal gasification, but Techniques are different. The three essential component parts of the underground coal gasifiers are an inlet hole, a vent hole and a gasification tunnel. The whole process is conducted through three action zones, i.e, an oxidation zone, a reducing zone, and a dry distillation zone. The fire is made in gasification tunnel near by the inlet hole and the gasification agent (O2 or H2O) is blown in from the inlet hole. In the oxidation zone, O2 meets the very hot coal and they are burning and reacting, then a great deal of heat is produced and its temperature will be up to what the gasifier need to react (about 1000°C). In the reducing zone, CO2 and H2O(g) meet the very hot coal. CO2 is reduced into CO ana H2O is decomposed into H2 and CO. In the dry distillation zone, because of the action of the high temperature airstream, the coal bed will decompose and the dry distillation gas forms. In the tunnel near by the vent hole, the excessive H2O(g) and CO react, then H2 is fonned. After reaction in the three zones, gas (main ingredients: H2, CO, CH4)forms. The output of the combustible gas depends on the temperature in the reducing zone and the dry distillation zone.
Electricity generation
Published in Sven Ruin, Göran Sidén, Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
Methanol was previously prepared by heating the sulfuric acid–treated wood in an oxygen-free environment, so-called dry distillation. (It was then also called wood alcohol, a term that should be avoided. The risk of confusion of the name with drinkable types of alcohol has certainly contributed to a number of cases of poisoning.) Methanol can cause serious poisoning in humans because of how it breaks down in the body. Methanol provides an indirect influence in that it is broken down in the liver. Formic acid and formaldehyde are formed and blood pH drops to a dangerously low level. The formic acid is suspected to be the substance that harms the eyes and causes blindness.
Pore structure and gasification activity of coal and coke studied by small-angle X-ray scattering
Published in Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2023
Shujiao Zhang, Peng Xiao, Peng Wu, Xu He, Dongfeng Li, Ziming Wang
Carbonisation has been considered as an effective way for cleaning and efficient conversion of coal [5]. In addition, the coke obtained by carbonisation, as an indispensable raw material in steelmaking industries, is generally derived from solid products and obtained by high-temperature dry distillation of coal, which was regarded as one of the most mature transformations in the coal processing industry [6,7]. However, up to now, the development of the scientific theory of coal coking has been lagging behind the development of practical application. especially as the iron and steel industries are becoming more and more strict about the required coke quality. The traditional screening composition and chemical composition and other indicators that have been used could not meet the comprehensive evaluation and reflection of the quality of coke [8–11]. The physical strength and chemical properties of coke are vital factors to ensure the smooth running of the blast furnace. Coke post-reaction strength (CSR) and coke reaction index (CRI) are important indicators of coke performance, with its pore structure significantly affecting the CRI. Research and exploration of structural changes of coal dry distillation in the process of coke production have recently attracted attention [8,9,12–14].
Upgrading of low-grade lignite using the multi-layer reverse cross-flow drying bed
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Huafeng Sun, Fusheng Niu, Xiaodong Yu, Gongmin Li, Zhenfu Luo
Excessive moisture content reduces the oil recovery rate and is extremely unfavorable for burning lignite for power generation. The energy consumption of the dry distillation process would increase. Reducing the moisture content by drying lignite can effectively improve the utilization rate of lignite and reduce energy consumption. In order to characterize the drying and dehydration effect of lignite, the dehydration rate and the drying velocity are used as the evaluation index to evaluate the drying effect of the reverse flow dryer. The expression of the dehydration rate is shown in equation (1), and the expression of the drying velocity is shown in equation (2). Exploring the distribution law of lignite moisture content in different beds can make the drying process more intuitive and is beneficial to optimize the drying process. Relying on the rectangular structure of the drying bed, the lignite moisture determination sampling coordinate system was established as shown in Figure 4. It was divided into 10 sections at equal intervals along the length of the bed (OX axis), and 4 sections at equal intervals along the width of the bed (OY axis). The intersection of the OX axis and the OY axis is the material sampling point. The circular area with a diameter of φ = 200 mm is the sampling area of the measured material in the coordinate system.
Apparent viscosity of high-density fluidized bed and synergistic effect of density and apparent viscosity on particle separation
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Yuqi Bai, Pengfei Zhao, Mengyao Guo, Guanghui Yan, Chenyang Zhou, Zongsheng Sun, Tianyang Gao, Bo Zhang
With the increasing demands for energy and increase in the consumption of conventional sources of energy such as coal and oil, the development of new and unconventional resources of energy has become a research hotspot in the past few decades. Among different types of unconventional sources of energy, oil shale is a sedimentary rock with high ash and oil flake. The kerogen in the mineral is pyrolyzed to get shale-oil and natural gas. However, the content of inorganic matter in minerals is high, typically varying from 50% to 80% (Johnr 2003), mainly consisting of quartz, feldspar, clays, carbonates, pyrite, and other minerals. Studies (Zhang 2016) show that high content of minerals not only greatly reduces the preparation efficiency of oil shale, but also causes dry distillation furnace sintering, thereby reducing the efficiency of dry distillation. Moreover, a large amount of solid residues discharged during pyrolysis pollutes soil, water, and air. Therefore, in order to develop sustainable extraction of oil shale and respond to energy demands (Jiang, Han, and Cui 2007), it is necessary to reduce the environmental pollution caused by waste oil shale (Zhang 2018).