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Fundamental Flood Hazard Issues in the Alluvial Fan Environment
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Distributary flow is a channel pattern in which flow paths split in the downstream direction (Figure 18.7), and where the number of channel splits usually exceeds the number of channel confluences (Hjalmarson and Kemna, 1991). Distributary flow patterns are one of the common identifying characteristics of active alluvial fans, but they are also found on a spectrum of other landform types. On one end of the spectrum are landforms with are well-defined, stable distributary channels which are hydraulically isolated from one another, and which may never rejoin their parent channels. On the other end of the spectrum are highly interconnected, poorly defined, and/or discontinuous channels where most of the flow in large floods is conveyed outside of poorly defined channels that are subject to a high degree of instability during floods.
Optimal allocation of agricultural land for crop planning in Hirakud canal command area using swarm intelligence techniques
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
Ashutosh Rath, Prakash Chandra Swain
The present experiment is carried on one of the canals of the Hirakud canal system, Odisha, India. The area is situated in the western part of the Odisha with latitude 21°05ʹN to 21°55ʹN and 83°55ʹE to 84°05ʹE longitude. Hirakud Reservoir is a multipurpose scheme intended for flood control, irrigation power generation and water supply need of municipalities and Industries of the area. The Dam is built across river Mahanadi at about 15 km upstream of Sambalpur town. The Hirakud canal system consists of three canals namely Bargarh Main canal, Sason main canal and Sambalpur distributary. The Parmanpur distributary is a part of Sason main Canal. The map of the command area of Parmanpur distributary is shown in Figure 5. The main problem in this command area is the nonavailability of irrigation water to meet crop water requirements in tail reach of canal; water logging in head reach and low return of revenue from farming activities. The climate of the command area is tropical monsoon with four district seasons: (a) Summer – March to May, (b) monsoon – June to September, (c) post-monsoon – October to November and (d) winter – December to February. The area gets rain by the south-west monsoon. The annual average rainfall is 1749 mm.
Mapping sediment-dispersal characteristics of Neogene deltas using seismic geomorphology, Liaodongdong area, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018
Zhen Wang, Benzhong Xian, Lichi Ma, Chuzhi Chao, Qiang Pu, Jianping Liu
During the depositional period of SN1gx, the strata were restrictedly distributed in the west of the study area, showing overlap characteristics. The strata slices obtained under the constraints of drilling results revealed that the geomorphology was not flat in the early depositional period of SN1gx, when the depositional environment was braided river channel and alluvial plain (Figure 7(a)). With further enlargement of depositional range, the water body gradually deepened. The sedimentary facies transited into braided river delta, which included mouth bar and underwater distributary channel microfacies (Figure 7(b), red indicated mouth bar, yellow indicated underwater distributary channel, and gray and black indicated shore shallow lake). The sandbodies with good continuity were widespread horizontally. Braided river delta had two branches, reflecting the provenance were mainly from the southeast direction at early stage, but from the east direction at late stage (Figure 7).
Evaluation of performance of irrigation canals using benchmarking techniques –a case study of Hirakud dam canal system, Odisha, India
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020
Ashutosh Rath, Prakash Chandra Swain
The present work, a diagnostic study of canal irrigation system, is carried out on two canals of Hirakud dam project, namely Senhapali distributary and Paramanpur distributary. To arrive at the objectives, advanced instruments and method of benchmarking are adopted. Acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used for measuring velocity of flow in canals; field data related to the canals were collected from different line departments of Government of Odisha, India. The crop water requirements (CWR) of different crops were obtained using CROPWAT software.