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Collapse experiment and numerical simulation of a slope under strong earthquake
Published in Charlie C. Li, Xing Li, Zong-Xian Zhang, Rock Dynamics – Experiments, Theories and Applications, 2018
Earthquake and engineering-induced seismicity (or called artificial earthquake) could cause disasters. In general, the magnitude of artificial earthquakes is smaller than natural earthquakes. The greater the magnitude is, the more energy is released with the greater destructive power. In general, an earthquake, whose magnitude is equal to or greater than six, is called a strong earthquake, such as the strong earthquake of magnitude 7.1 in Yushu County of Qinghai in April 14, 2010. If the magnitude is greater than or equal to 8, it is called a huge earthquake, such as the Wenchuan earthquake of the magnitude 8 in May 12, 2008. Wenchuan and Yushu are located in mountainous areas, and the landform of both is featured in high mountain slopes which are steep slopes and contain faults and joints. The Wenchuan earthquake has the characteristics of high magnitude, fault trusting diastrophism and long main shock duration, which results in disasters like surface rupture, landslide and liquefaction. Among them, the landslides have the following characteristics (Wang 2008; Yin 2006). The first one is the large number of landslides with large distribution density. The second one is the huge influence area with serious disaster loss. The third is the large scale of earthquake-induced landslides. And the fourth is that the landslide distribution is obviously affected by the fault rupture.
Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Brazil: Current Status of Knowledge
Published in M. Thangarajan, Vijay P. Singh, Groundwater Assessment, Modeling, and Management, 2016
Fernando A. C. Feitosa, João Alberto O. Diniz, Roberto Eduardo Kirchheim, Chang Hung Kiang, Edilton Carneiro Feitosa
The Tapajós group, constituted by the Monte Alegre, Itaituba, Nova Olinda, and Andirá formations, has a wide variety of sedimentation environments such as clastic, continental, and marine, building up the Permian–Carboniferous supersequence. This supersequence is followed by the Sanrafaélica orogeny (ca. 260 Ma.) and by the Juruá diastrophism. At the very beginning of the Jurassic, an expressive basalt-type magmatism occurred placing Penatecaua dikes and flows between the Nova Olinda and Alter do Chão formations. The sedimentation of the Amazonas Basin ceased after the deposition of the continental sequences, one from the upper Cretaceous (Alter do Chão formation) and another Cenozoic (Solimões and Içá formations), generated by a fluviatile and fluviatile–lacustrine systems. The groundwater research in this region is still incipient and deals mainly with the Alter do Chão formation aquifer. There is overall information about the Solimões and Içá formations as well (Figure 3.3).
Quantitative multi-hazard risk assessment to buildings in the Jiuzhaigou valley, a world natural heritage site in Western China
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Li Wei, Kaiheng Hu, Xudong Hu, Chaohua Wu, Xiaopeng Zhang
The study area is located in the transition zone from the western margin of the Sichuan Basin to the Tibetan Plateau. The exposed strata in the southern Valley is 4824.6 m-thick Upper Devonian, Middle Triassic series and in the north is mainly 2111.3 m-thick Devonian, Trias series (Figure 2). The bedrock includes sand-slate, limestone, argillaceous limestone, and dolomite that are heavily fractured by dense faults and joints. Composite fold groups and compressed-shearing faults have been formed by intense folding and compression by many episodes of recent diastrophism (Zhang and Xu 1993). The area is located on the southern margin of the east-west of Qinling tectonic belt, east of the Songpan-Garze fold system, and adjacent to adjacent to the northeastern Longmenshan tectonic belt. The structure in the area is a complex synclinal structure with a northward tendency (Zhao et al. 2018). The Rize anticline, Jiuzhaigou fault, Zechawa fault, and Zharu fault are typical representatives of geological structures in an arcuate tectonic belt. The north-west thrust faults such as the Changhai fault, Heye fault, and Zharu fault, the north-south thrust fault such as Jiuzhaigou fault control the landform and water system of the Jiuzhaigou Valley (Figure 2).