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Case Studies of Different Countries
Published in Surjya Narayana Pati, Life Cycle Assessment, 2022
The last phase of a building’s life involves demolition and disassembling of the structure. The conventional demolition and decommissioning process often results in the disposal of the majority of the materials and debris to the land-fill and dumps. The demolition waste of economic material is recycled, such as reinforced steel bars and aluminum items. The debris, comprising demolished concrete, broken bricks, broken glass, and other waste material, are presently partially recycled and disposed of in nearby areas. The impacts related to the demolition phase of a building are due to energy consumption and emission associated with the demolition machinery as well as the energy required for the transportation of the demolition materials from the building site to the recycling facility. Due to lack of an appropriate mechanism, some of the materials are not 100 percent recycled in India. For alternate paths for future building, it is suggested that a majority of the waste generated from the demolition of a building would be utilized as a recycled sand and aggregate. The emissions avoided by use of construction and demolished waste recycled materials due to saving of virgin materials will result in negative impacts for all impact potentials. Sustainability for the construction industry is pivotal role to play for improving environment at the same time reducing impact, adopting systematic LCA application for construction industry.
Ethics and the Environment
Published in Rebecca Mirsky, John Schaufelberger, Professional Ethics for the Construction Industry, 2022
Rebecca Mirsky, John Schaufelberger
The construction process can generate substantial amounts of waste: excavated soil, scrap materials, pallets and packaging, used oil and lubes, miscellaneous rags and safety gear, and ordinary household trash from job site trailers and lunch rooms (Table 9.1). Many of these materials, such as fuels, paints, and adhesives, are considered hazardous waste, and must be disposed of in accordance with regulatory requirements. Demolition waste is also frequently contaminated with hazardous materials including lead, asbestos, or soil containing spilled fuel, heavy metals, or other contaminants. Even non-hazardous waste materials can have a major impact on local communities, requiring transportation from the jobsite and large landfill areas for disposal. In 2003, the U.S. EPA estimated that the quantity of construction and demolition waste generated annually was almost 170 million tons, with 39% coming from residential and 61% from nonresidential sources.4 To put this into perspective, and based on the number of people in the U.S. in 2003, this amount of construction waste is equivalent to a generation rate of 3.2 pounds per person per day, compared to 4.45 pounds of municipal solid waste (household trash) per person per day. That volume of waste from construction and demolition activities effectively almost doubles the amount of landfill area needed for disposal when added to the amount of municipal solid waste already being landfilled.
Best Practices in Construction and Demolition Waste Management
Published in Ashok K. Rathoure, Zero Waste, 2019
As per Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management Rules 2016, construction means the process of erecting of building or built facility or other structure, or building of infrastructure including alteration. As per Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016, demolition means breaking down or tearing down buildings and other structures either manually or using mechanical force (by various equipment) or by implosion using explosives. As per Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016, construction and demolition waste means the waste comprising building materials, debris and rubble resulting from construction, remodelling, repair and demolition of any civil structure. Waste is generated at different stages of the construction process. Waste during construction activity relates to excessive cement mix or concrete left after work is over, rejection/demolition caused due to change in design or wrong workmanship and so forth. Construction waste is bulky, heavy and mostly unsuitable for disposal by incineration or composting (Patel et al., 2014).
High-performance self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate: comprehensive systematic review on mix design parameters
Published in Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2023
Ahmad Alyaseen, Arunava Poddar, Hussain Alahmad, Navsal Kumar, Parveen Sihag
Reusing demolition waste is crucial for preserving limited materials in the context of the expanding frequency with which buildings are being completely destroyed. In response to these issues, the concept of making sustainable concrete – by definition, concrete made from recycled aggregate – has evolved to qualify as a “green” material; recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) must: Be able to recycle and minimize the use of energy and natural resources.Be able to have no negative impacts on the environment.Be able to contribute to maintaining ecological sustainability and development on the plan.
Pertinence of alternative fine aggregates for concrete and mortar: a brief review on river sand substitutions
Published in Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022
Branavan Arulmoly, Chaminda Konthesingha
When concerning the performance of river sand concrete and mortar with partial addition of demolition waste, studies evinced positive results on the compressive strength when comparing with the river sand concrete and mortar. The characteristics of demolition waste are completely different from the mineral resources. Before the application in concrete and mortar, the collected demolition waste is usually crushed to attain the required gradation (Aboutaleb et al. 2017). This crushing process could enable cubical particles of different materials such as bricks, blocks, hardened mortars, etc. which may advance the positive effects on the bonding between cement paste with the assistance of particle interlocking.
Performance evaluation of demolition waste infilled geocell-reinforced subgrade by flexural and rutting analysis
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
The methodology adopted here also further checks the influence of this flexural behaviour on the rutting behaviour of the pavement section with geocell-reinforced subgrade. Since road constructions require the use of natural materials in plenty, a choice to diminish the characteristic materials is broken down here by taking demolition waste as infill for subgrade. If demolition waste can perform better by giving better flexural and rutting behaviour, the use of natural materials can be reduced and a better road section can be made. Its performance can be evaluated by comparing it with two other infills.