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Design and application of intelligent monitoring based on MEMS sensors
Published in Ahmad Safuan Bin A Rashid, Junwen Zhang, Advances in Mineral Resources, Geotechnology and Geological Exploration, 2023
Xiaodong Wu, Yan Gao, Yibin Zhou
Engineering activities are often faced with various structural deformations, such as landslides, ground subsidence, dam breakages, etc. These disasters are generally due to the deformation of the structure exceeding its allowable range, which seriously endangers the safety of human life and property and induces huge losses. To ensure the safety of the engineering structure, it is necessary to conduct deformation monitoring. Traditional deformation monitoring is mainly divided into conventional ground measurement and special measurement. The conventional ground measurement refers to the utilization of conventional measuring instruments such as total station, theodolite, and level; and the special measurement mainly refers to strain measurement, collimation measurement, and tilt measurement. The conventional ground measurement is relatively mature and can provide the overall deformation state of the deformed body with different accuracy requirements, while the related fieldwork is large and it is difficult to realize automatic monitoring. With the development of technology, some new deformation monitoring technologies have been applied, such as close-range photogrammetry, GPS (global positioning system), distributed fiber optic sensing technology, and terrestrial laser scanning technology. These emerging automated measurement technologies are applied to various engineering deformation monitoring, effectively improving the efficiency of deformation monitoring. However, the large-scale application is limited due to the high cost of the equipment.
Research and development of real-time monitoring systems for mine tailings dams
Published in Jean-Pierre Tournier, Tony Bennett, Johanne Bibeau, Sustainable and Safe Dams Around the World, 2019
Most deformation monitoring techniques will only provide measurements from a specific point location or a group of discrete points, as is the case with measurement by extensometer, inclinometer, global positioning systems or robotic total stations. For those techniques, it is critical to appropriately define the density and location of measurement points to allow sufficient sampling and detection of deviations from normal behavior. The application of distributed optic fiber sensors, on the other hand, is one of the few techniques that provides direct measurement for critical exterior or interior zones of the dam, and can be installed either in existing dams or during new constructions (Goltz et al 2010; Inaudi et al. 2013). In this case it is possible to cover the critical length, area or volume of the dam and not only detect, but also localize deformation or damage.
A prediction model for surface deformation caused by underground mining based on spatio-temporal associations
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Min Ren, Guanwen Cheng, Wancheng Zhu, Wen Nie, Kai Guan, Tianhong Yang
With the rapid development of some deformation monitoring technologies, such as Global Position System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) , there is an increasing amount of surface deformation monitoring data available with temporal and spatial labels. The spatio-temporal associations among monitored data can reflect the spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of surface deformation and play an important role in surface deformation predictions. As far as the whole life cycle of surface deformation caused by underground mining is concerned, the different deformation characteristics of each zone may represent different deformation stages or states. When one deformation stage or state develops to the next, or when the hysteretic deformation zone (HDZ) begins to show the deformation characteristics of its adjacent excessive deformation zone (EDZ), a catastrophic deformation that differs from the historical deformation occurs. This activity is similar to when the elastic deformation of a rock mass changes to plastic deformation and then to the fracture stage, leading to the transformation of the deformation trend. In this regard, the deformation of the EDZ is the next development stage of the HDZ. The monitoring data from the EDZ represent the deformation trend of the HDZ at present and in the future. Therefore, the effective way to achieve accurate prediction of the catastrophic deformation is to apply the spatio-temporal association between the displacement time series in the EDZ and those in the HDZ to the prediction model. The prediction method based on the spatio-temporal association has two advantages compared to the traditional prediction method, which is based on the relationship between surface deformation and influencing factors. First, the prediction relying on the spatio-temporal associations of deformation data do not need the data of all the variables affecting ground movements. Additionally, using EDZ data to predict the HDZ surface deformation according to the spatio-temporal relationships can solve the prediction problems brought about by the deformation state conversion.