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Landfill Bioreactor Operation
Published in Debra R. Reinhart, Timothy G. Townsend, Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation, 2018
Debra R. Reinhart, Timothy G. Townsend
In order to minimize ponding and horizontal movement, use of high permeability soils and/or alternative daily cover should be considered. Alternative daily cover materials include mulched or composted yard waste, foam, carpet, clay/cellulose additives, and geotextiles. Geotextiles and carpet should be removed before the next addition of waste, while the clay/cellulose additives crumble and foam quickly dissipates when waste is placed on top of it. In either case, the flow of moisture is not impeded by these materials. The use of geotextiles offers an advantage over other cover materials in controlling the rate of precipitation infiltration into the landfill. Analysis shows that alternative daily cover can be cost-competitive with natural soils.
Extraction and Transportation
Published in T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann, Landfilling of Waste: Biogas, 2020
T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann
Finally, the better performance of the vertical well with respect to the horizontal well can be explained by consideration of the lateral and vertical permeabilities of waste. Waste is put down in layers and sandwiched every day between further layers of daily cover material. As a consequence the lateral permeability is greater than the vertical permeability by up to as much as 40:1. The vertical well penetrates all layers and is able to take full advantage of the higher lateral permeabilities.
Modern Energy Recovery from Renewable Landfill or Bio-Covers of Landfills
Published in Sunil Kumar, Zengqiang Zhang, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Ronghua Li, Biological Processing of Solid Waste, 2019
Rena, Gautam Pratibha, Sunil Kumar
As per standard practice for sanitary landfill, compacted waste should be covered with a daily cover of the local soil. This soil-like material can be used for daily covering of compacted waste; it not only works as local soil but also enhances the microbial activity in the dumped waste because it contains a high concentration of active mass (Xiaoli and Youcai, 2006).
Evaluation of depth-dependent properties of municipal solid waste using a large diameter-borehole sampling method
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
John Hartwell, M. Sina Mousavi, Jongwan Eun, Shannon Bartelt-Hunt
There is a considerable gap between the average moisture content of the waste in each segment and the imputed field capacity where is approximately 60% of field capacity, except for the two segments where active leachate seeps were noted on the downhole video record. While the fresh surficial waste layer (working face) is exposed to the weather elements prior to receiving daily cover, it is expected that the free moisture would migrate downward relatively uniformly across the entire surface. The vertical penetration would progress as the FC was exceeded and free moisture was advectively pulled downward through tortuous porous channels. However, following the placement of cover soil this diffused flow path would be considerably reduced, and vertical migration of free moisture would occur episodically only where the soil cover was thin or completely absent. Thereafter, advective leachate flow would be lateral, and the direction of flow would be dictated by the orientation of the underlying buried cover layer.
Utilization of waste products as alternative landfill liner and cover materials – A critical review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2018
David A. Rubinos, Giovanni Spagnoli
Using the second assumption, Ng and Lo (2007) investigated a synthetic paste mixture of waste tyre chips aggregate (TDA) with paper sludge (PS) as daily cover of landfills. The mechanical behaviors of the individual TDA, the PS and of the mix paste (TDA-PS) were evaluated. The results showed that the TDA-PS paste was 2–3 times lighter in weight and ∼2 orders of magnitude less permeable (K = 4 × 10−9 m/s) than conventional soil covers. Noteworthy, the addition of TDA to the PS considerably improved the shear strength of the paste reaching a maximum at optimal TDA content of ∼55% by weight. This phenomenon was attributed to the relocation of PS under an applied load, which fills the voids within the TDA matrix whereas bound together the TDA, resulting in a dense block. In addition, the synthetic paste exhibited high Pb retardation ability (Retardation factor = 19.0–59.0) (Ng and Lo, 2010). These studies support TDA-PS paste as suitable landfill daily cover material. However, the long-term deformation and environmental compatibility of the TDA paste cover, as its field-performance, should be further verified.
Co-treatment of leachate in municipal wastewater treatment plants: Critical issues and emerging technologies
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Recep Kaan Dereli, Eoghan Clifford, Eoin Casey
Sanitary landfilling is by far the most widely applied solid waste management method with about 40% of urban solid waste being directed to landfills globally (Kaza et al., 2018). While they are designed to minimize impact on the environment and public health, there are, nevertheless, two serious concerns about landfills; (i) greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, VOCs) due to decomposition of organic matter and (ii) leachate generation that threatens surface and groundwater sources (Mor et al., 2006; Lou & Nair, 2009; Krause et al., 2016; Maiti et al., 2016). These can increase environmental impact of sanitary landfills especially if they are poorly designed, built and operated. The most common challenges in sanitary landfills include issues such as clogged drainage layers and pipes, damaged liners and leachate collection pipes, inefficient drainage, improper slopes, insufficient amount of gas collection wells, poorly established final cover and not practicing daily cover application. In many developed countries, landfilling of the OFMSW (i.e. food waste, sewage sludge) is no longer the first option in waste management hierarchy because landfill gas and leachate must be collected and properly treated for several decades even after the closure of landfills. Landfills have also been restricted to support re-use and recycling through material reprocessing, composting and anaerobic digestion. For instance, the EU Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC (EC, 2001) sets quotas that limit the OFMSW amount sent to landfills in 2016 by 35% of the total amount of OFMSW generated in 1995. Several EU countries, i.e. Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, had achieved the target and others are on the way (EEA, 2013). Reduce, reuse and recover (3 R) concept was also promoted and implemented in the legislations of several countries such as Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2000: Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society), USA (EPA, 1976: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), Canada (Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment, 2014), China (Zhou, Sun et al., 2017) and India (Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2000). However, it is anticipated that landfilling is unavoidable at least for the storage of residuals, such as incinerator ash, reject solids from material recovery facilities and composting plants, and will continue to play an important role in global solid waste management systems.