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Design Data
Published in Fiona Cobb, Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book, 2020
Stability of a structure must be achieved in two orthogonal directions. Circular structures should also be checked for rotational failure. The positions of movement and/or acoustic joints should be considered and each part of the structure should be designed to be independently stable and robust. Lateral loads can be transferred across the structure and/or down to the foundations by using any of the following methods: Cross bracing which carries the lateral forces as axial load in diagonal members.Diaphragm action of floors or walls which carry the forces by panel/plate/shear action.Frame action with ‘fixed’ connections between members and ‘pinned’ connections at the supports.Vertical cantilever columns with ‘fixed’ connections at the foundations.Buttressing with diaphragm, chevron or fin walls.
Individual bracing units: frames, (coupled) shear walls and cores
Published in Karoly Zalka, Structural Analysis of Multi-Storey Buildings, 2020
In some practical circumstances the structural performance of sway-frames may need to be enhanced, but it is not feasible to use stronger members or there is no space to increase the number of the bays to create a larger structure. In such situations, this aim can be achieved by building in some cross-bracing in the form of diagonal struts. Cross-bracing can considerably reduce lateral movements as it increases the lateral stiffness of the frame.
Ambitiously tall
Published in Goman Wai-Ming Ho, Ruby Kitching, Anita Siu, Christina Yang, Arup's Tall Buildings in Asia, 2017
Cross-bracing throughout the building enhances the overall stiffness of the tower and ensures it satisfies seismic and wind loading code requirements. Around the entrance, a K-brace arrangement has been adopted to accommodate the building's main entrance.
Probabilistic constitutive law for masonry veneer wall ties
Published in Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 2022
Imrose B. Muhit, Mark G. Stewart, Mark J. Masia
There was a high probability of the partial movement of the brick unit for tension setup compared to compression; therefore, the brick was firmly attached with extra cross bracing for the former case (see Figure 4). A monotonic axial load was then induced through a constant displacement of the machine crosshead. The load cell in the testing frame was connected to the controller computer to control the actuator displacement and measure the load. In addition to this crosshead displacement, one displacement transducer was attached to measure the displacement of the brick-timber cavity. The actuator displacement was controlled at a rate of 1 mm/min for both compression and tension loading.