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The Last Planner® System
Published in Rafael Sacks, Samuel Korb, Ronen Barak, Building Lean, Building BIM, 2017
Rafael Sacks, Samuel Korb, Ronen Barak
Preparing a schedule is one of the first tasks in any construction project. The project is decomposed hierarchically using a formal work breakdown structure (WBS) and the relationships between the tasks defined are modelled using CPM. The schedules are computed with CPM software, such as Primavera or MS Project, and the highly detailed and technically very impressive – and colourful – Gantt charts are printed on giant pieces of paper to be hung in the construction trailer. Hours of work by highly trained engineers go into creating the construction timeline, and the result is indeed formidable.
Division 01 General Requirements
Published in Gary Anglin, Introduction to Estimating, Plan Reading and Construction Techniques, 2019
Some General Requirement topics are costs, usually defined as “job overhead”, but some are not, such as the preconstruction conference. A job trailer is in the category of “job overhead” and attributable to the job, not “home office overhead”. It does not contribute to the physical building structure, but a construction trailer is a necessary thing, and so are temporary toilets, and it is these items that are a part of Division 01 General Requirements and a part of a construction estimate.
Construction Contracts
Published in Robert H. Voelker, Managing the Complexities of Real Estate Development, 2022
Staging agreements: If the project will fill out the development site, such that there is no space for a construction trailer or for offloading or storing of materials, the developer will need to approach adjacent landowners to lease their land for these construction activities.
Assessment of spray polyurethane foam worker exposure to organophosphate flame retardants through measures in air, hand wipes, and urine
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Cheryl Fairfield Estill, Jonathan Slone, Alexander C. Mayer, Kaitlyn Phillips, John Lu, I-Chen Chen, Annette Christianson, Robert Streicher, Mark J. La Guardia, Nayana Jayatilaka, Maria Ospina, Antonia M. Calafat
On the second day of sampling, pre‐shift and post-shift hand wipe samples were collected from worker’s hands. This method is similar to previous studies examining dermal exposure to flame retardants.[25,29] This hand wipe method was chosen because gloves were worn intermittently during the workday; therefore, any sampling method that measured under gloves would not have been well received. Hands were chosen as the sampling site due to the high potential for exposure during application, specifically to cured foam. Two 3” x 3” sterile gauze pads (Dynarex, Orangeburg, NY) were placed in 120 mL amber glass jars (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA). Each jar included 6 mL of 99% HPLC grade isopropanol (Fisher Scientific) using an automatic pipette. The jars were tightly sealed and stored at approximately 5 °C for up to 7 days, until they were used for collection. Samples were collected either at company headquarters or in a construction trailer. During sample collection, participants were instructed to remove gloves, grab one of the gauze pads, and wipe both bare hands (the area from the bend of the wrist to the fingertips) for 30 sec. Then, they were instructed to grab the other wipe and repeat the process. Both gauze pads were placed back into a jar, sealed, and stored at refrigerated temperatures until analyzed. At the post-shift hand wipe collection, workers were asked how many times they washed their hands since pre-shift.