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Effluent Disposal
Published in Syed R. Qasim, Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2017
The effluent is discharged into the Big River at the confluence of East and West Forks. The 30-d mean low flow and water quality data is summarized in Table 6-3. It is expected that, as the wastewater from the stablization ponds and trickling filter facility is diverted to the proposed wastewater treatment facility, there will be no effluent discharge into the West Fork and East Fork. Consequently, the water quality in the Big River at the confluence will improve significantly. An extensive water quality modeling effort was undertaken during the development phases of the water quality management (WQM) plan of the state. The following information was developed on the Big River under a 30-d mean low flow condition and on the effluent from the proposed wastewater treatment plant.
Large-eddy simulation of the Mississippi River under base-flow condition: hydrodynamics of a natural diffluence-confluence region
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2019
Trung B. Le, Ali Khosronejad, Fotis Sotiropoulos, Nicole Bartelt, Solomon Woldeamlak, Petronella Dewall
Due to the dynamic nature of the mixing in river confluence, sediment transport in confluent region is highly active (Mosley, 1976). The scour-deposition pattern at confluence is frequently characterized by the existence of large scour hole at the downstream of the junction corner (Ashmore & Parker, 1983; Mosley, 1976). The mechanism of this scour hole is attributed to the dynamics of submerged plane jets (Rajaratnam & Berry, 1977) as the flow is constricted at the upstream junction corner (Biron, Roy, Best, & Boyer, 1993). It has been suggested that the configuration of the upstream tributaries such as the incoming angle, discharge ratio, and bed discordance (Best & Roy, 1991; Biron, Roy, & Best, 1996; Biron et al., 1993) can affect the maximum scour depth (Mosley, 1976). The distribution of grain size in the confluence can be classified (Best, 1988) into three main regions: (i) the fine particles near the upstream junction corner (stagnant zone); (ii) the coarse particles in the scour zone; and (iii) the increase of grain size in the bar area. Studying flow structures in the confluence thus has important implications for sediment transport in this region, especially with the presence of hydraulic structures such as bridges and groynes.