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Coastal engineering
Published in P. Novak, A.I.B. Moffat, C. Nalluri, R. Narayanan, Hydraulic Structures, 2017
P. Novak, A.I.B. Moffat, C. Nalluri, R. Narayanan
Coastal engineering encompasses a variety of problems of practical importance, e.g. provision of harbours and their protection against sedimentation, provision for discharge of effluents into the sea, design and construction of works to protect coastal areas from flooding, defence against erosion, etc. A coastal structure should not only satisfy the functions it is intended for but also structurally withstand the hostile environment. Most coastal problems are difficult to tackle owing to the complexity of the processes involved. A solution to one problem may very well cause others, and so particular attention should be given to the interaction between the various elements that determine the coastal régime. Over the years coastal processes have been better understood and designs have been rationalized with the aid of laboratory studies, theoretical methods and field observations. For extensive treatment of the subject of coastal engineering the reader is referred to Ippen (1966), Muir Wood and Fleming (1969), Silvester (1974), Horikawa (1978), Fredsoe and Deigaard (1992), Herbich (2000), Kamphuis (2000) and Reeve et al. (2004).
Coastal engineering and management
Published in David R. Green, Jeffrey L. Payne, Marine and Coastal Resource Management, 2017
Coastal engineering involves planning, designing and building measures in the coastal zone in order to protect assets from coastal erosion and/or flooding. Coastal erosion involves coastal recession or beach lowering, whilst flooding involves the inundation of low-lying areas due to seawater inundation or wave overtopping. Intervention can take the form of ‘hard’ structures (e.g. seawalls), or softer approaches which attempt to have a beneficial influence on coastal processes and in doing so improve the level of service provided by a sea defence or coast protection structure (e.g. beach recharge). These different measures and their suitability to different situations are discussed in this chapter.
A study of the impact of plunging waves on the inverted L-shaped breakwater structure based on SPH method
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Zhe Ma, Yefeng Yang, Gangjun Zhai, Jianyu Bao, Hee-Min Teh
In coastal engineering, breakwaters are a type of coastal structure commonly built along seashores to protect ports from incoming waves. Compared with other types of coastal structures, the vertical breakwater with an overhanging horizontal cantilevered slab (named ‘inverted L-shaped’ breakwater in this paper) has the advantage of preventing waves overtopping at the top of the vertical breakwaters due to the presence of a horizontal cantilevered slab (see Figure 1). But under the action of plunging waves, not only will there be violent slamming pressure on the structure, but also it will be under the action of a large wave force for a long time. And the huge slamming pressure often causes serious damage to offshore structures (Paik and Shin 2006). It is shown that the slamming pressure peak in traditional vertical breakwaters generally appears at the still-water level on the vertical wall. However, for the inverted L-shaped breakwater, the jet spray generated by the wave hitting the wall will continue to climb along the wall and impact the horizontal cantilevered slab, so a large slamming pressure near the corner of the breakwater is inconceivable. In that case, the presence of the horizontal cantilevered slab increases the vulnerability of the entire structure against waves impact (Kisacik et al. 2012a.). Therefore, not only do we need to focus on capturing the effect of the wave-front during the impact of the inverted L-shaped breakwater with plunging waves, but also we need to study the structure and make the desired changes to optimise the design of the structure.
Assessment of coastal inundation cost due to future sea level rise: A case study for Kuwait
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2022
S. Neelamani, Dana Al-Houti, Alanoud Al-Ragum, K. Al-Salem, Abeer Hassan Al-Saleh
Different types of coastal vulnerability assessment due to future expected sea level rise (as an impact of climate change effect) is one of the priority research area in coastal engineering and for integrated and sustainable coastal zone management. Researchers around the world have studied different types of coastal vulnerabilities, tried to present the associated adaptation and mitigation strategies for physical vulnerability, social vulnerability, socioeconomic vulnerability, erosion vulnerability, multi-hazard vulnerability, micro town coastal vulnerability, sustainable capacity index, and integrated coastal vulnerability. The aim of these different coastal vulnerabilities are diverse. For assessment of physical vulnerability of the coast, the physical parameters such as coastal geomorphology, sea bed slope, wave height, tidal variation, sea level rise, soil particle size etc. of the coastal regions are considered and analyzed to reveal indirectly the coastal areas, which are prone for most and least vulnerability for erosion and inundations. Some of the promising publications on this aspect are by Gornitz, White, and Cushman (1991), Thieler and Hammar-Klose (2000), Diez, Perillo, and Piccolo (2007), Kumar et al. (2010), Özyurt and Ergin (2010), Kumar and Kunte (2012), Yin et al. (2012), Al-Jenaid (2012), Karymbalis et al. (2012), Cozannet et al. (2013), Addo (2013), Benassai et al. (2014), Sudha Rani, Satyanarayana, and Bhaskaran (2015), Hereher (2015a, 2015b) and Alsahli and AlHasem (2016)). In social vulnerability assessment, the focus is on the assessment of vulnerability on the social life of people living near the coastal area (Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley 2003). The socioeconomic vulnerability assessment focuses both on social and economic impacts on people living near the coastal area due to sea level rise (Mclaughlin and Cooper 2010; Zanetti et al. 2016; Serio et al. 2018); infrastructural (Kantamaneni 2016); Some researchers has focused on the erosion vulnerability due to future sea level rise and the associated change in wave energy acting on the beach. Boruff, Emrich, and Cutter (2005), Forbes et al. (2003), and Mahendra et al. (2011) have studied on the multi-hazard vulnerability due to sea level rise focusing on flooding and associated vulnerability and provided the mitigation techniques during such events. Kantamaneni et al. (2017) has carried out the micro town coastal vulnerability for a town in UK by dividing the coast into few segments and carried out a detailed vulnerability analysis on each segments considering physical, environmental and economic data for each segment. Yamada et al. (1995) carried out on the sustainable capacity index. Of late many authors (Mclaughlin and Cooper 2010; Duriyapong and Nakhapakorn 2011; Özyurt, Ergin, and Baykal 2011; Murali et al. 2013; Wahab 2017; Sahoo and Bhaskaran 2018; Bagdanavičiūtė et al. 2019; Tano et al. 2018; Serio et al. 2018; Kantamaneni et al. 2018, 2019) have investigated integrated on integrated coastal vulnerability by incorporating physical, social, economic parameters of the coast, so that the results of the study are useful for decision makers to plan for mitigation measures in an appropriate way.