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The Clean Water Act
Published in Louis Theodore, R. Ryan Dupont, Water Resource Management Issues, 2019
Louis Theodore, R. Ryan Dupont
In 1987, Congress voted to phase out the old Construction Grants Program, replacing it with the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Under the CWSRF, the EPA provides annual capitalization grants to states, who in turn provide low interest loans for a wide variety of water quality projects that are prioritized within each state. States must match the federal funds with $1 for every $5. The program was amended in 2014 by the Water Resources Reform and Development Act.
Environmental Regulations
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
In 1987, Congress voted to phase out the old Construction Grants Program, replacing it with the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Under the CWSRF, the EPA provides annual capitalization grants to states, which in turn provide low-interest loans for a wide variety of water quality projects that are prioritized within each state. States must match the federal funds with $1 for every $5. The program was amended in 2012 by the Water Resources Reform and Development Act.
Evaluating and tracking investments in natural infrastructure to reduce coastal flooding hazards
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2022
Carson Ezra Young, Shannon E. Cunniff, William C. McDow
While the decision framework provides a consistent basis for repeated tracking of CNI investments, its utility depends upon access to and sufficient detail in investment datasets. Even in the detailed search for 2018 CNI investment data, the authors recognized that they were unable to capture the total investment estimate due to unavailable or insufficiently detailed spending databases. For example, FEMA annually provides millions of dollars to states through hazard mitigation grants and pre-disaster mitigation grants. Some of these funds result in CNI investment. However, FEMA provides no access to a comprehensive dataset that details the disbursement of these funds, either at the state or federal level, making it impossible to readily account for FEMA’s investment into CNI projects. It may be possible to assess FEMA’s CNI investment if provided sufficient access to internal databases; however, access to non-publicly available data was not pursued by the authors given the time involved with a Freedom of Information Act request. Other examples include EPA’s Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF), which can be used for ‘green infrastructure’ projects; however, EPA’s databases on CWSRF program are managed by ‘independent state-level entities’ (EPA, n.d.) and EPA’s financial reports on the program reveal only the amount of funding distributed.