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Short Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Structural Model
Published in A. Kumar, A.T. Papagiannakis, A. Bhasin, D. Little, Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction II, 2020
L. S. Salles, L. Khazanovich, J. T. Balbo
Implementation of bus lanes in large urban areas can improve traffic by increasing average bus velocity which makes public transportation more competitive when compared to private transportation. However, constant rehabilitation and maintenance of bus lanes, especially near bus stops, can become a costly issue for highly urbanized areas. Therefore, the search for more durable and less problematic pavement structures becomes paramount for public transportation infrastructure.
Politics of mobility and the science (?) of sustainability
Published in Dinesh Mohan, Geetam Tiwari, Sustainable Approaches to Urban Transport, 2019
BRT serves the purpose of being a low-cost, medium-capacity public transport system that can be built quickly on the surface and in stages. Surface corridors need to have bus stops on the surface, promote street business development all along the corridor (not only at large metro stations) and provide eyes on the road (bus passengers and staff). This has the result of reducing crime and increasing socialisation, and thus increasing pedestrian and cycling trips. With segregated bus lanes and a provision for bicycling, safety improves, further improving the chances of reduction in motor vehicle use.
Economic analysis of mobility improvements
Published in Zongzhi Li, Transportation Asset Management, 2018
Managed lanes: A managed lane is a broad term that refers to any lane or corridor whose use is controlled according to vehicle type, eligibility, pricing, or access management. They are deployed due to the inability to build enough lanes to address congestion during peak periods; the desire to encourage alternatives to driving, such as transit, in a congested corridor; the need to address funding issues and generate revenue; the desire to increase the effectiveness of existing HOV lanes; and the need to separate large vehicles from general traffic. Common types of managed lanes include: (i) high-occupancy vehicle (HOV); (ii) high-occupancy toll (HOT); (iii) express toll; and (iv) exclusive lanes. HOV lanes allow those cars with two, three, or more passengers to use lanes separated from the main traffic lanes. The lanes are managed by eligibility, in that only high-occupancy vehicles are allowed in the lane. HOV lanes typically provide travel-time savings and more reliable trip times, offering an incentive for ridesharing. HOT lanes, by contrast, allow lower-occupancy cars access to HOV lanes for a fee. The cost of purchasing access to HOT lanes is motivated by higher speed and more reliable trip time. The toll is adjusted to maintain free-flow conditions. This produces an alternative to congestion and generates revenue that can offset the cost of implementing the strategy. Express toll lanes similarly charge a toll that can be adjusted to maintain free-flow speeds, but differ from HOT lanes in that they charge all vehicles—high-occupancy vehicles are not exempted. Exclusive lanes restrict certain lanes to only buses, trucks, or other slower moving vehicles. A truck-specific lane typically separates the slower, less agile vehicles from the main lanes and allows higher speeds in the adjacent lanes for passenger cars. Bus lanes exclude passenger cars, reducing the effects of congestion on transit passengers and providing an incentive for drivers to take transit instead. As appropriate, HOT and bus lanes could be combined to let cars pay a toll to use the lane and keep the toll high enough so buses never get stuck in traffic. Managed lanes provide travel alternatives to the single-occupancy vehicle, giving users the flexibility to choose the best method of travel for each trip. This choice reduces congestion by making more efficient use of existing capacity. If flow can be maintained by pricing, eligibility or access, the throughput of vehicles and people in the corridor can be increased.
Development and evaluation of bus lanes with intermittent and dynamic priority in connected vehicle environment
Published in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018
Wei Wu, Larry Head, Sanghuiyu Yan, Wanjing Ma
Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems are characterized by modern vehicles and dedicated bus lanes. These exclusive lanes can be implemented with relatively low cost and short implementation time and are considered to be a cost-effective approach for providing high-quality transit service (Sakamoto, Abhayantha, & Kubota, 2007; Deng & Nelson, 2011; Al-Deek, Sandt, Alomari, & Hussain, 2017). Dedicated bus lanes are an efficient method for improving reliability and speed when transit buses share the road space with congested urban traffic (Vuchic, 2007). However, a major limitation to their implementation is the reduction in road space and the attendant reduction in road capacity that results in increased levels of congestion (Associates, 2003). This limitation can be partly overcome by opening the bus lane to general traffic intermittently when a bus is not present.