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Precast segmental bridge construction in seismic zones
Published in Fabio Biondini, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability, 2012
Fabio Biondini, Dan M. Frangopol
The case study presented in this chapter is the Tsing Ma Bridge (Xu and Ko,1997), located in Hong Kong, China. As described in Ubertini (2008), the main span of the Tsing Ma Bridge is 1377 m in length and the overall length of the bridge is 2160 m. The towers have a total height of 206 m, measured from the base level to the tower saddle. The deck is composed by a two-level steel structure, consisting of Vierendeel cross frames supported on5.2 two longitudinal trusses acting compositely with stiffened steel plates. It carries a dual three-lane highway on the upper level and two railway tracks and two carriageways on the lower level. Each bridge tower is composed of two reinforced concrete legs and four deep pre-stressed concrete beams. Two hollow shafts are symmetrically arranged inside each leg, form the level of the top beam to a point located approximately 15 m above the base level.
Suspension Bridges
Published in Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan, Bridge Engineering Handbook, 2019
Atsushi Okukawa, Shuichi Suzuki, Ikuo Harazaki
Suspension bridge tower supports the main cable and the suspended structure. Controlling erection accuracy to ensure that the tower shafts are perpendicular is particularly important. During construction, because the tower is cantilevered and thus easily vibrates due to wind, countermeasures for vibration are necessary. Recent examples taken from constructing steel towers of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and concrete towers of the Tsing Ma Bridge are described below.
Vehicle-induced dynamic stress analysis of orthotropic steel decks of cable-stayed bridges
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Chuang Cui, You-Lin Xu, Qing-Hua Zhang, Feng-Yang Wang
For the sake of easy understanding, a long-span cable-stayed bridge, as shown in Figure 2, is taken as an example for illustration of multiscale modelling. The bridge has a total length of 1596 m and a main span of 1018 m. The girder of the bridge in the main span is made of steel while the girder in the two side spans is in concrete but with the transition of 49.74 m steel girder from the bridge tower to the concrete girder in the side span. The girder in the main span is the separated twin-box girder supported by stay cables every 18 m in the main span at the outer edges of the girder and supported by stay cables and piers in the side spans. In the main span, the twin boxes are made by orthotropic steel and interconnected by cross girders at the locations of stay cables. The height of the two towers is nearly 300 m, measured from the base to the top of the towers. The bridge tower is of single column with a reinforced concrete structure from the base level to level +175 m and then a composite steel and concrete structure. The stay cables are anchored in a steel box inside the concrete structure within the height from level +175 m to level +293 m. The towers are founded on piled foundations.
Dynamic stress analysis for fatigue damage prognosis of long-span bridges
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2019
Feng-Yang Wang, You-Lin Xu, Bin Sun, Qing Zhu
A long-span cable-stayed bridge, the Stonecutters Bridge, in Hong Kong is selected as a case study for fatigue damage prognosis. The bridge has a total length of 1596 m and a main span of 1018 m, as shown in Figure 1. The deck of the bridge is made of steel in the main span while the two side spans are in concrete in general but with the transition of 49.74 m steel deck from the bridge tower to the concrete deck in the side span. The concrete side spans act as anchor structures to balance the weight and load acting on the main span of the bridge. The bridge deck is the separated twin-box deck supported by stay cables every 18 m in the main span at the outer edges of the deck and supported by stay cables and piers in the side spans. At the location of the stay cables in the main span, the twin boxes are interconnected by cross girders. The height of the two towers is nearly 300 m, measured from the base to the top of the towers. The bridge tower is of single column with a reinforced concrete structure from the base level to level +175 m and then a composite steel and concrete structure. The stay cables are anchored in a steel box inside the concrete structure within the height from level +175 m to level +293 m. The towers are founded on piled foundations.
Wuhu Second Bridge: Development of Stayed Cable Anchorage System and Application of Structural Innovations
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2022
Ke Hu, Shengbin Wang, Dahai Yang, Wanyue Liu
The bridge tower is made of C50 concrete, the steel box girder of the main bridge is made of Q345qD steel, and the stayed cables are made of steel strands with a nominal diameter of 15.2 mm. The precast concrete box girder of the approach bridge is made of C50 concrete, and the external prestress is made of unbonded galvanized steel strands. The diameter of a single strand is 15.2 mm.