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Geotechnical risk reduction during earth structures of transport engineering design
Published in Ivan Vaníček, Daniel Jirásko, Martin Vaníček, Modern Earth Structures for Transport Engineering, 2020
Ivan Vaníček, Daniel Jirásko, Martin Vaníček
Before the construction starts, the main focus should be on: Excavation of material from the borrow pit – generally from the place from which soil will be used – followed by the manner of transport, all with respect to climatic conditions expected on the site to guarantee that the moisture content will fall within the demanded range.Recommendation of compaction equipment types (different rollers are the most important), and specification of thickness of compacted layer and number of passes – on the basis of previous experience (for simple structures with limited volume of deposited material) or on the basis of trial tests for more significant structures.
Urban and Area Source BMPs
Published in Roger D. Griffin, Principles of Stormwater Management, 2018
Borrow pits are areas where native material is excavated for use in road or other fill requirements. To mitigate sediment losses they should be located as far from streams as possible to reduce the potential for exposed loose soils to erode into the stream. BMPs designed to mitigate sediment impacts of borrow pits must provide for proper Drainage from excavations or quarriesSlash filtersSilt fencesReseeding of exposed cut sections when the pits are not in use
Impact of Portland cement and lime on the stabilization and shear strength characteristics of contaminated clay
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Mohammad Hajimohammadi, Amir Hamidi
Clay has both a microstructure and a macrostructure. The microstructural effects on the physical and chemical interactions of clay with contaminants is greater than the macrostructural response. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can yield considerable information about the soil structure. Tremblay et al. (2002), Estabragh et al. (2018), Oluwatuyi, Ojuri, and Khoshghalb (2020) and Nazari Heris et al. (2020) used SEM to observe the microstructure of soil samples under different conditions (contaminated or mixed with cement, lime and other stabilizing materials) and describe their behavior. Other studies have examined the improvement of fine-grained soils contaminated with petroleum products (Ghasemzadeh and Tabaiyan 2017; Khosravi et al. 2013; Ojuri, Akinwumi, and Oluwatuyi 2017). A common conclusion of these studies was that contaminated soil can be used as a borrow pit for construction, embankments and highway pavement.
Occurrence, Origin, Ecological and Human Health Risks of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils from Selected Urban, Suburban and Rural Storm Water Reservoirs
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Onoriode O Emoyan, Beatrice O. Peretiemo-Clarke, Godswill O. Tesi, Efe Ohwo
In Nigeria, a stormwater reservoir (SWR) is a borrow-pit resulting from the sand excavation for road construction or other uses. SWRs are found within industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural catchments, and along several major highways. SWRs are characterized by illegal dumping of solid waste and sewage sludge, catchment for the municipal and rural run-off in the wet season, source of drinking water, and food for domestic animals and herds. Also, some SWRs serves as play-ground for infants in the dry season, and garden for production of crops such as okra, vegetable maize, and water yam in the wet and dry seasons respectively. The noncompliance to standards guidelines in the disposal of industrial, commercial, and residential solid/liquid waste containing persistent organic pollutants may lead to a point and non-point source pollution of SWRs, the surrounding environments, adjacent surface, and shallow groundwater aquifers, and the food chain (Emoyan, Akporhonor, and Akpoborie 2008a; Johnson et al. 2011; Jones-Lepp et al. 2012).
Reconnaissance Report on Geotechnical Engineering Aspect of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2019
Numerous sand boils were found in Hattiban, Lalitpur (Fig. 16a). Unlike other liquefaction sites, this site is located on neither a river bank nor a sand borrow pit. Hattiban site was characterized by fine sand containing 50% non-plastic silt with a shallow GWT. Some sand boils and traces were also found in the field of Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Khumaltar. Small-scale liquefaction was found in Imadol area (Fig. 16b). The soil profile in Fig. 7b at Balkumari that is 1 km from Imadol shows that the soil at Imadol is highly susceptible to liquefaction; in addition, Imadol is just beside a stream that might have a shallow GWT (~1–3 m) and contributed to the liquefaction. The white spots in the field (Fig. 16b) are the traces of sand boiling. However, a house tilted near the liquefaction region; other than that, there was not any other significant damage to structures. Extensive liquefaction was found at Duwakot near Nepal Engineering College on the left bank of Manohara River (Fig. 16c). Sand boiling and fissures were seen on a flat plain along the river channel. As the liquefied site is several hundred meters from Manohara River, the high GWT at this site may have led to the liquefaction. Small-scale liquefaction was also reported in Mulpani that is located on the same flood plain as Duwakot (Fig. 16d). Particle size distributions of the ejected sands at Ramkot, Manamaiju, Bungamati, Hattiwan, Duwakot, and Mulpani are shown in Fig. 17. It was found that the ejected soil was fine sand containing 50% non-plastic silt.