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Health And Regulatory Considerations
Published in G. Stuart Pettygrove, Takashi Asano, Irrigation With Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater–A Guidance Manual, 1985
The reclaimed water transportation and distribution pipelines and appurtenances must be kept completely separate from the potable water systems. At service connections, the public water supply should be protected by an air-gap separation, a reduced-pressure-principle backflow-prevention device, or other protective devices acceptable to the regulatory agency. Although studies [82,71] have shown that cross-connections are not frequently found at use areas, cross-connection control regulations should be strictly enforced to assure that unnecessary risks are avoided.
Natural and Man-Made Modes of Entry in Agronomic Areas
Published in Richard C. Honeycutt, Daniel J. Schabacker, Mechanisms of Pesticide Movement into Ground Water, 1994
James M. DeMartinis, Sandra C. Cooper
Agricultural chemicals can be introduced directly into a well by chemigation, which is the practice of applying chemicals through use of an irrigation system. If the irrigation pump fails, chemical injection may continue resulting in chemical backflow down the well.9 An ineffective or inoperative backflow prevention device on the water supply line can cause the water-chemical mixture to flow back into the well. Therefore, irrigation and pumping equipment should be monitored and maintained.
The application of hybrid photovoltaic system on the ocean-going ship: engineering practice and experimental research
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2019
Yuwei Sun, Xinping Yan, Chengqing Yuan, Xujing Tang, Reza Malekian, Chang Guo, Zhixiong Li
The output power of the Inverter connected to the grid is constant. However, the output power fluctuation of the PV cells is balanced by the batteries. The three-phase AC output from the inverter is incorporated into the main distribution panel of the ship and a backflow prevention device is installed to avoid energy backflow. The power flow is as follows: solar photovoltaic cell → photovoltaic controller (↔ BMS and battery) → off-grid/grid-connected integrated inverter → main bus.