China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fire Safety
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Fixed Offshore Platforms, 2018
Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires without human intervention. Examples of automatic fire suppression systems include fire sprinkler system, gaseous fire suppression and condensed aerosol fire suppression. When fires are extinguished in the early stages, loss of life is minimal since 93% of all fire-related deaths occur once the fire has progressed beyond the early stages.
Facility Utility Systems
Published in Terry Jacobs, Andrew A. Signore, Good Design Practices for GMP Pharmaceutical Facilities, 2016
Jack C. Chu, Leonid Shnayder, Joe Maida
In general the first choice for automatic fire suppression is a wet-pipe sprinkler system. This most common type of system provides the quickest actuating, most reliable, and least expensive type of suppression for most applications. Wet-type sprinkler systems are generally used throughout most of the facility.
Optimal stowage on Ro-Ro decks for efficiency and safety
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2021
Being large subdivided spaces, Ro-Ro decks are notoriously known to introduce safety vulnerabilities. A recent FIRESAFE study by European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) found that some 30% of fires have happened on Ro-Ro decks (Wikman 2016). These fires have been mainly electrical, originating within vehicles themselves – predominantly in electric cars and other alternative-fuel vehicles (AFV)1 – or in reefer containers. A commonly agreed strategy to reduce the fire risk is to ensure early detection, confirmation, and suppression of fires (Siewers and Tosseviken 2016). This can be achieved by controlling the cargo distribution on decks, thereby securing the required performance of automatic fire suppression as well as easy access to vehicles by the crew. For instance, an uncontrolled arrangement of large vehicles such as semi-trailers, which could not be easily moved out of the way, has blocked access to ignitions sources and inhibited firefighting in the past (Ware 2017). The ceiling-based drenchers have proven ineffective due to shielding of water distribution by high cargo (trucks, trailers, semi-trailers, etc.) (Wikman 2016).
Methodology in early detection of conveyor belt fire in coal transportation
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Santosh Kumar Ray, Asfar Mobin Khan, Niroj Kumar Mohalik, Debashish Mishra, Nikhil Kumar Varma, Jai Krishna Pandey, Pradeep Kumar Singh
The proposed model incorporates the safety devices that have either been studied in literature or in practice at TSPL to control fire effortlessly. The model is prepared based on field and laboratory investigation studies. The laboratory and field data would be helpful to determine the threshold limit value (TLV) of the sensors. Figure 15 depicts a flowchart diagram for the process flow and sequence of procedure for early detection of conveyor belt fire and automatic fire suppression system. The flowchart starts with field investigation and laboratory investigation. The laboratory investigations include proximate analysis, critical oxidation temperature, differential scanning calorimetry, and fire ladder study. The results were used in determining the TLV for the respective parameters of the system. Sensors, namely linear heat sensing cable, temperature sensor, smell sensor, differential speed sensor, pull chord switch, and belt sway switch were used. These sensors were placed near the site at strategic locations. Alarm 1 is set in such a way that when linear heat sensing cable and temperature sensor crosses the threshold limits indicating an immediate danger of fire. The alarm1 is sounded and automatically deluge valve junction box (DVJB) and fire spray system activate. When the E-nose sensor or hydrogen sensor trips i.e. when values of CO and H2 crosses 50 ppm then alarm 2 is sounded and water mist is activated. As the generation of CO and H2 is the earliest indicator for the rising temperature, water mist can serve the purpose. Similarly, for hall-effect sensor, zero speed switch, belt sway switch, if there is a trip then alarm 3 is raised as these measured parameters do not pose an immediate threat of fire and therefore it is proposed to have housekeeping and manual interference in the system for immediate address of the problem. On the other hand, if any of the sensors do not trip then the process will go uninterrupted.