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Direct, Discharge and Resist Styles of Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
Potassium carbonate is preferred for its high solubility. Glycerol act as humectants, improves solubility of leuco compound and thereby fixation as well as levelness of print. Dispersing agent like Solution Salt-B (dibenzyle sulphanilate) may be used optionally. Choice of thickener affects the reduction rate. British gum is reported to accelerate decomposing of the sulphoxylate. Starch and starch-tragacanth thickeners are the alternatives. Oxidation may be done by airing or passing through 2–4g/l sodium perborate (mild oxidizer to prevent over oxidation) and 5g/l acetic acid at 60–70°C.
Application of Membrane Bioreactors for the Modification of Microfiltration Membrane Surface for Enhanced Antibiofouling Capability in Wastewater Treatment
Published in Subrata Borgohain Gogoi, Advances in Petroleum Technology, 2020
A commercially available and commonly used chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) MF membrane was adopted for surface modification in this study due to its proven efficiency in MBR operation. The following chemicals from Finar Chemicals were used for membrane surface modification without further purification: VA ( 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde ), potassium carbonate ( PC ), and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
Concretes Containing Antifreeze Admixtures
Published in Boris A. Krylov, Cold Weather Concreting, 2020
Addition of potassium carbonate. Potassium carbonate is a strong antifreezer (its eutectic point is at the level of -36.5°C) that accelerates the hardening of concrete at an early age. The reason for the acceleration is that this admixture changes the solubility of the silicate components of cement and forms double salts with hydration products.
Production and characterisation of sodium and potassium carbonate salts from carbonation alkaline aluminate liquor
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2021
Shima Barakan, Mehdi Noroozi Ayaluey, Somayeh Shayanfar, Valeh Aghazadeh
The presence of sodium carbonate and double salts decreased the quality of the potassium carbonate. The relations among solution density, grade and recovery of sodium carbonate in the hydrated potassium carbonate is shown in Figure 10. It can be inferred that with increasing solution density up to 1.68 g/cm3, both grade and recovery of sodium carbonate increased but a further increase in solution density resulted in a decrease in both. According to the XRD pattern (Figure 11), the double salt was not detected in the hydrated carbonate potassium product. Therefore, the hydrated potassium carbonate salt is the dominant phase, which is partially changed to anhydrous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) with drying at 105°C.
Synthesis, DFT analysis, and electronic properties of new phthalocyanines bearing ETAEO substituents on peripheral position
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Beyza Cabir, Umit Yildiko, Mehmet Salih Ağirtaş
The route followed in the preparation of zinc(II) and magnesium(II) phthalocyanines carrying ETAEO groups is given in Scheme 1. Prior to phthalocyanines, a new starting material, the 4-ETAEO phthalonitrile compound, was synthesized. This phthalonitrile derivative (3) was prepared from 4-nitrophthalonitrile and ETA in DMSO. Potassium carbonate was used to make the reaction medium basic [23]. Reaction of 3 with ZnCl2 and MgCl2 salts at 250 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 min in a closed glass tube led to formation of zinc(II) and magnesium(II) phthalocyanines 4 and 5, respectively. Complexes 4 and 5 are soluble in THF, DMF and DMSO. The presence of carboxylic acid substituents on phthalocyanine is considered to be as richness, which provides many possibilities for connection with different groups. As it is understood from the literature, these compounds are original compounds which have not been previously made.
Metal(II) complexes of bioactive aminonaphthoquinone-based ligand: synthesis, characterization and BSA binding, DNA binding/cleavage, and cytotoxicity studies
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
A. Kosiha, C. Parthiban, Kuppanagounder P. Elango
The protocol adopted for the synthesis of ligand is similar to that of other aminonaphthoquinones [35]. A methanolic solution of N,N-diethylpropylenediamine (2.2479 g, 0.0220 mol) was added to a methanolic solution of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (5 g, 0.0220 mol) with stirring and the stirring was continued at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC using silica gel aluminum sheets with mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether as the mobile phase. After completion of the reaction, the formed solid was filtered and washed with 50% ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Then the solid was suspended in water and neutralized by adding potassium carbonate. Finally the solid product was purified by column chromatography to get the pure compound as yellow crystals. The overall reaction is shown in Scheme 1 and the product was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral techniques. Yield: 71%, m.p.: 101 °C; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6), δ(ppm): 0.93–0.96 (t, J = 6.8, 7.2 Hz, 6H), 1.70–1.73 (t, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.43–2.49 (m, 6H), 3.80–3.384 (t, J = 6.4, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.69–7.73 (t, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94–7.96 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (s, 1H) (Figure S1, Supplementary Material); 13C NMR (50 MHz, DMSO-d6), δ(ppm): 10.29, 26.12, 38.26, 38.67, 39.09, 39.51, 39.92, 40.34, 40.78, 46.10, 49.57 (aliphatic CH2), 125.74, 129.46, 132.04, 132.59, 134.85, 145.45, 175.27, 180.19, 192.48 (aromatic C) (Figure S2); LC-MS Calculated for C17H21ClN2O2: 320.81, Found: 321.2 (Figure S3).