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Hydrothermal Processing of Heavy Oil and Bitumen
Published in Sandeep Kumar, Florin Barla, Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology, 2019
Eleazer P. Resurreccion, Sandeep Kumar
In a study employing ZnO catalyst, 25% DBT decomposition was achieved (Ates et al., 2014). The study desulfurized heavy crude oil and two model compounds (hexyl sulfde in hexadecane and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in hexadecane) in the absence and presence of ZnO, MoO3, and MoS2. Using SCW alone, 6–7 wt% of the sulfur in crude oil was removed. A 12% sulfur removal increase was achieved when MoS2 catalyst was added into the system. The research by Fedyaeva et al. using Zn and Al catalysts confirmed the conversion of asphaltite: 56.3% to 98.3 wt% increase in volatile and liquid products yield and 20.3% to 72.3% increase in desulfurization rate (Fedyaeva et al., 2014a). Gai et al. cracked bitumen under sub- and supercritical water environments in H2 or N2 atmosphere using activated carbon (AC) supported nickel catalyst. Water at supercritical and subcritical conditions provided a unique homogeneous, acidic reaction system for the bitumen cracking reaction promoting the bitumen conversion and selectivity of the middle distillates (kerosene, gasoline), and restraining the formation of carbon deposition, as compared to the conventional pyrolysis reaction without water addition (Gai et al., 2016).
Investigation of optimal falcon parameters for clean asphaltite concentrate
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Asphaltite is hard and solid bitumen whose main constituents, asphaltenes, have very high molecules. It is formed due to asphaltic materials filling the cracks caused by tectonic movements (Aksogan Korkmaz and Ozbas 2017; Kar 2006). Asphaltite is bright or dull black, and its higher heating value is approximately 2388–5493 kcal/kg (Temel 2011). Its melting temperature is about 150°C and is soluble entirely in chloroform (Fedyaeva, Antipenko, and Vostrikov 2014).
Cleaning of fine asphaltite by oil agglomeration process
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
The Seguruk asphaltite field is located on the Cizre-Sirnak road, just south of Sirnak. Its length is 800 m., its width is 0.50–10.00 m (average 6.00 m). It is embedded in crack systems in a tree structure. The chemical properties of asphaltite range from about 1.20–4.5% moisture, 38.80–46.00% ash content, 6–6.36% sulfur. The original lower heat value is around 15–27 MJ/kg (Nakoman 1977).