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Uncertainty research for a near-field ground motion numerical simulation of the Tonghai earthquake
Published in Chongfu Huang, Zoe Nivolianitou, Risk Analysis Based on Data and Crisis Response Beyond Knowledge, 2019
Zongchao Li, Sen Qiao, Xueliang Chen, Qing Wu, Changlong Li
The prediction of strong vibrations in the future must fully consider the uncertainty of the source model, especially the uncertainty factors of the asperity parameters. Studying the uncertainty of asperity can provide a more suitable source model for the prediction of destructive earthquakes in the future, so that the simulation results can better indicate the seismic characteristics of the near-field of the future earthquake. The simulation results of ground motion parameters will have better and higher reference values in seismic fortification and disaster prevention in the future. By usingthe uncertainty factors to predict the destructive earthquake in the future, the comprehensive characteristics of ground motion in the near-field are evaluated quantitatively, which provides a reference for engineering design decisions.
Effects of fault geometry and subsurface structure model on the strong motion and surface rupture induced by the 2014 Kamishiro Fault Nagano Earthquake
Published in Ömer Aydan, Takashi Ito, Takafumi Seiki, Katsumi Kamemura, Naoki Iwata, 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit, 2019
N. Iwata, R. Kiyota, Ö. Aydan, T. Ito, F. Miura
In previous studies, we assumed that the initial shear stress distribution shape was mountain type, in which the hypocentre is highest and the shear stress decreases towards the fault ends and becomes zero, as shown in Figure 3. However, the asperity type, in which the shear stress is concentrated only in protrusions on the fault plane, is used for predicting strong motions. Therefore, we compared the seismic response of asperity type with that of mountain type.
Ultrasonic technique for probing the changes of contact on a discontinuity subjected to normal load
Published in H. Ogasawara, T. Yanagidani, M. Ando, Seismogenic Process Monitoring, 2017
Y. Kano, H. Kawakata, T. Yanagidani
It is important to understand characteristics of asperity contacts between rock surfaces, because they play significant roles in earthquake faulting cycle. The state of asperity contacts subjected to normal load controls the frictional resistance on the fault, and faulting initiates at the point where the shear stress exceeds the frictional resistance.
A new tsunami hazard assessment for eastern Makran subduction zone by considering splay faults and applying stochastic modeling
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2023
Payam Momeni, Katsuichiro Goda, Mohammad Mokhtari, Mohammad Heidarzadeh
For each earthquake source, an appropriate fault model is defined (section 2–1-1 and section 2–1-2). For the earthquake sources related to the plate boundary rupture, the fault model introduced in Figure 1b is used and for the earthquake sources related to splay faults, the fault models introduced in Figure 2 are used. Consequently, the moment magnitude of the earthquake sources is selected from Table 2, depending on the rupture scenario. As an example, for the second scenario and seismic moment split ratio of 10%, the moment magnitudes of the plate boundary and splay fault ruptures are Mw 8.57 and Mw 7.93, respectively. For each earthquake source, the asperity zone and corresponding slip concentration range within the fault model are defined. The asperity zone can be defined as a smaller sub-region in which the slip values of the sub-faults are greater than the average slip value of the earthquake source by a specified threshold (for example 1.5 times the average slip) (Murotani, Satake, and Fujii 2013). In this study, the slip concentration range of the asperities for both plate boundary and splay faults is set to 65–90%. Therefore, between 65 and 90% of the total earthquake slip of the rupture on plate boundary and splay faults should occur within the specified asperity zone, assuming the simulated slip is higher in the defined asperity region.
Numerical modelling of long-term stability of the rock joint
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2018
Xiaotian Zhang, Hanbing Bian, Yun Jia, Jianfu Shao
During shearing, under high normal stress, the asperity degrades, as a consequence, the roughness of the rock joint decreases. In fact, the shearing has a tendency to translate the roughness surface to a smooth one. That means the angle α is not a constant during shearing, it decreases with the increase of plastic work. Inspirited by Plesha (1987), a simple exponential expression has been proposed for the roughness angle as: