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World Water Crisis and Climate Change
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Aquifer storage and recovery is an alternative to surface water storage for maintaining water supplies. As the name implies, aquifer storage and recovery involves placing water into subsurface aquifers for later recovery, in many cases by pumping water into wells drilled into the aquifers in times of surplus, and then drawing water from the same wells as needed when water is in short supply. A significant advantage of aquifer storage and recovery is that it does not occupy surface land needed for agriculture or other purposes. Water underground is immune to evaporation losses and usually from losses attributed to seepage. Another advantage is that water discharged belowground may often be of a lower quality than that stored on the surface. That is attributed to the natural purification processes that occur to a certain extent with water in contact with geological strata, and underground water is generally less subject to contamination than surface water (although, in some aquifers, contamination from arsenic and other potentially harmful substances from the geosphere can cause problems). Another consideration has to do with the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium present in recycled water. These substances can be tolerated in moderate amounts in municipal water supplies but promote undesirable growth of photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria resulting in eutrophication in surface waters, a condition that does not develop belowground where sunlight is not available for photosynthesis.
Column experiments to evaluate clogging and biogeochemical reactions in the vicinity of an effluent injection well
Published in Jos H. Peters, Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, 2020
S.M. Rinck-Pfeiffer, S.R. Ragusa, T. Vandevelde
Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is a process whereby surface water is injected into a groundwater system and stored for subsequent reuse. A three year ASR project is underway in the Northern Adelaide Plains, 30 km from Adelaide, capital of South Australia. The aim is to store DAF/F (Dissolved Air Flotation/Filtration) treated wastewater in a sandylimestone aquifer for subsequent recovery and non-potable reuse (irrigation). The project is summarised in detail by Bosher & Kracman (1998) ibid.. Research and development involving detailed hydrogeological and geochemical investigations, minimisation of clogging and pathogen attenuation is currently under way to assess the feasibility, environmental sustainability, and economic viability of ASR at that site. A consortium has been formed to undertake this project including federal and state government agencies, academia and industry.
World Water Crisis and Climate Change: Water Renovation and Recycling
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Aquifer storage and recovery is an alternative to surface water storage for maintaining water supplies. As the name implies, aquifer storage and recovery involves placing water into subsurface aquifers for later recovery, in many cases by pumping water into wells drilled into the aquifers in times of surplus, and then drawing water from the same wells as needed when water is in short supply. A significant advantage of aquifer storage and recovery is that it does not occupy surface land needed for agriculture or other purposes. Water underground is immune to evaporation losses and usually from losses attributed to seepage. Another advantage is that water discharged below ground may often be of a lower quality than that stored on the surface. That is attributed to the natural purification processes that occur to a certain extent with water in contact with geological strata, and underground water is generally less subject to contamination than surface water (although, in some aquifers, contamination from arsenic and other potentially harmful substances from the geosphere can cause problems). Another consideration has to do with the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium present in recycled water. These substances can be tolerated in moderate amounts in municipal water supplies but promote undesirable growth of photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria resulting in eutrophication in surface waters, a condition that does not develop below ground where sunlight is not available for photosynthesis.
A review on implementing managed aquifer recharge in the Middle East and North Africa region: methods, progress and challenges
Published in Water International, 2021
Salah Basem Ajjur, Husam Musa Baalousha
‘Well, shaft and borehole’ is a primary MAR method used to infiltrate water, especially in low permeable surfaces (Hannappel et al., 2014). Once the water has been infiltrated, there are two types of recovery: aquifer storage and recovery and aquifer storage, transfer and recovery. In the aquifer storage and recovery, the same well is used for injection and recovery, whereas different wells are used in aquifer storage, transfer and recovery. In spreading methods, water with impaired quality, such as urban runoff or treated sewage effluent, is diverted into basins or channels that allow water infiltrates to unconfined aquifers. The riverbank filtration primarily refers to groundwater abstraction near rivers banks or lakes that will induce infiltration from the surface water. In-channel modification aims to intercept stream water by building dams in rivers beds or wadis. The water is then temporarily stored to infiltrate into aquifers. Pumping wells are later used for extraction during drought months. The rainwater harvesting method refers to gathering rainwater from building rooftops and surfaces. The water is infiltrated into aquifers using barriers, bunds and trenches. For additional information about MAR methods, see Dillon et al. (2018) and Joel et al. (2016). Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics, and merits and demerits of each MAR method.