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Bioprocessing for Enhanced Biological Textile Wastewater Treatment
Published in V. Sivasubramanian, Bioprocess Engineering for a Green Environment, 2018
K. Ravi Shankar, V. Theresa, R. Brindha, S. Renganathan
The effectiveness of anaerobic treatment is improved by integrating an anaerobic reactor with a membrane filtration process to form an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) system. AnMBR is still at the early stages of development. In this system, the membrane filtration unit separates the treated wastewater from the anaerobic biomass, thereby minimizing the biomass loss triggered by the toxic substances [33]. An anaerobic bioreactor is integrated with the low-pressure microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration. These MF/UF membranes can retain any suspended solids such as suspended biomass and other inert solids, irrespective of wastewater characteristics, sludge properties, and biological process conditions. As shown in Figure 5.8 [35], the filtration unit could be integrated with anaerobic bioreactors in three different forms: internal submerged membrane AnMBR, external submerged membrane AnMBR, and AnMBR with external cross-flow membrane filtration unit.
Life Cycle Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Treatment Plants
Published in Mu Naushad, Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment, 2018
Rosalía Rodríguez, Juan José Espada, Raúl Molina, Daniel Puyol
A recurring technological solution for novel wastewater concepts is the use of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Although the AnMBR concept is not new, with the first attempts made between the 1970s and the 1980s, novel development of efficient membrane operation procedures in aerobic MBRs has improved the operability and sustainability of their anaerobic counterparts (Liao et al., 2006). There are three AnMBR configurations: side-stream (external, cross-flow), submerged within the reactor, and submerged in a separate chamber. The membrane filtration is the economic limitation of the process; typical energy demand values are between 0.2 and 1 kW h m−3. However, this has not been an impediment for process applications to a wide range of industrial wastewater, such as slaughterhouse, molasses, landfill leachate, dairy manure, pharmaceutical, and diverse types of food industry wastewater. The main advantage over CSTR configurations is the separation between SRT and HRT, leading to AD operation of short HRT (a few days) and long SRT (between 20 and 700 d) (Dvořák et al., 2015). In these reactors, biomass concentration can be increased up to 75 g L−1, which is like the biomass concentration in granular UASB-type reactors.
Advanced Biotechnological Approaches towards Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from Pharmaceutical Industry
Published in Gunjan Mukherjee, Sunny Dhiman, Waste Management, 2023
Aditya Amrut Pawar, Nomvano Mketo, Nilesh S. Waghl, Jaya Lakkakulal
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is often known as biological treatment process, which usually materializes in absence of oxygen and in presence of membrane for the solid-liquid separation (Lin et al. 2013). The AnMBR also offers cmcial role in generation of energy, because of its methane producing ability by utilizing large number of organics in the wastewaters (Skouteris et al. 2012). AnMBR can treat wastewater with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) content, high salinity, and suspended solids (Dereli et al. 2012, Lin et al. 2013). This process also offers opportunity to treat wastewater that is contaminated with oil, fat, grease, and inhibitory compounds (Diez et al. 2012).
Nitrogen removal based on anammox-based processes applied to mature landfill leachate diluted with domestic wastewater: a review
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2022
Luyara de Almeida Fernandes, Camila Leite Madeira, Juliana Calábria de Araújo
In the past few years, the use of membrane separation technology together with bioreactors created new opportunities for the treatment of recalcitrant effluents such as leachate. One advantage of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is overall biomass yield about 10 times lower than that of aerobic treatment and biogas production. Nevertheless, the high cost and the membrane fouling problems are considered a disadvantage of this technology [5,9,61]. Leachate treatment by bio-electrochemical method, particularly MFC (Microbial Fuel Cell) coupled with microalgae, which consists of an anodic chamber, a cathode chamber with fixed biofilm carriers and a low-cost sheet of carbon felt between them as a membrane-like separator, showed ammonia and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 90.3% and 88.6%, respectively. The performance of the system was associated with the dual effects of fixed biofilm and microalgae assimilation [62]. However, advanced technologies for leachate treatment are not feasible in some countries due to the high cost of implementation and maintenance and the high volumes of leachate requiring treatment [63].
Towards advanced nitrogen removal and optimal energy recovery from leachate: A critical review of anammox-based processes
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Jiongjiong Ye, Jianyong Liu, Min Ye, Xiao Ma, Yu-You Li
The aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) combines biological degradation with membrane separation and has shown extremely good pollutant removal and effluent quality (Renou et al., 2008). Unlike the MBR, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) can simultaneously achieve pollutant removal and biogas recovery from leachate (Zayen et al., 2010). It should be noted that ammonium is not oxidized to nitrate in an anaerobic environment. The accumulation of high activity biomass in the AnMBR means that almost all of the biodegradable organics and partial refractory organics present in the raw leachate or effluent can be removed by biodegradation and membrane separation (Amaral, Gomes, Brasil, Oliveira, & Moravia, 2017; Pathak, Pruden, & Novak, 2018; Saddoud & Sayadi, 2007). Thus, a suitable effluent for the anammox process can be obtained, with low biodegradability, bio-toxicity and SS. Moreover, MBR has been widely applied in China as a mainstream leachate technology (Zhang et al., 2013). This facilitates the establishment of the AnMBR from original MBR configurations. Therefore, the AnMBR is a good selection for pretreatment of the anammox-based process during leachate treatment.
Selecting the most suitable microalgae species to treat the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
M. Pachés, R. Martínez-Guijarro, J. González-Camejo, A. Seco, R. Barat
Nowadays, greater quantities of wastewater both urban and industrial are generated. These effluents contain a large amount of contaminants that must be reduced before the direct discharge to rivers, lakes or the sea. Among the wastewater treatment options, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology can be applied to reduce pollutants to environmentally safe levels. This treatment has several advantages over more traditional aerobic systems, i.e. they consume less energy and produce less sludge whilst generating biomethane [1]. This technology also achieves a high-quality effluent in terms of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Nevertheless, inorganic nutrient removal (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) cannot be achieved in the anaerobic reactor; hence, the effluent cannot be discharged into the aquatic environment as it may lead to eutrophication.