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Design and Health Considerations
Published in Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem, Building for Well-Being, 2021
Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem
Research also indicates that achieving these benefits can still be attained by breaking up the 30 minutes into three 10-minute walking intervals throughout the day.18 The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Walkability Index19 actually ranks how different neighborhoods rank in terms or walkability, and is a metric frequently used by leading rating systems. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)20 explains how walking can be encouraged by community design:Community design can locate residences within short walking distance of stores and public transportation. Sidewalks or paths between destinations can be designed and maintained to be well-connected, safe, and attractive. Transportation and travel policies that create or enhance pedestrian and bicycle networks or expand public transportation systems can be another approach to encourage active transportation, such as walking or biking. Improving walkability of communities can also help people who participate in other types of physical activities, such as those who bike or use wheelchairs.
Comparison of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption between complete streets vs. conventional streets
Published in John Harvey, Imad L. Al-Qadi, Hasan Ozer, Gerardo Flintsch, Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020, 2020
Arash Saboori*, John T. Harvey, Maryam Ostovar, Ali Azhar Butt, Alissa M. Kendall
Complete streets are an infrastructure-oriented intervention intended to improve social, economic, and environmental conditions of a neighborhood or corridor. If successfully implemented they can provide safety benefits for active transportation (bicycle and pedestrian) users, and if they result in more active transportation, they can produce health benefits. However, few qualitative and quantitative approaches for objective evaluation have been developed that can help evaluate or anticipate the environmental impacts of complete streets interventions. Implementing complete streets in urban areas is one of the methods recommended to Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) in California for meeting the Senate Bill 375 (Sustainable Communities) mandates for percent reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to transportation in metropolitan areas (CARB website). However, there is no LCA-based tool for verifying/quantifying the full system, life cycle expected savings in impacts of implementing complete streets interventions.
Bicycle Transportation
Published in Dušan Teodorović, The Routledge Handbook of Transportation, 2015
Christopher M. Monsere, Nick Foster, Todd Borkowitz, Sirisha Kothuri, Robert L. Bertini
In many locations, streets have been designed and operated primarily to accommodate motor vehicles. In many urban areas, however, it is becoming more common for streets to be viewed as significant public places. Bicycling, walking, and other human-powered forms of travel— commonly referred to as active transportation—are gaining increased design attention for their associated economic, environmental, and health benefits. New designs are being applied that modify streets to better meet the mobility needs of all users, and to be safer, more sustainable, resilient, multimodal and economically beneficial. Active transportation facilities that focus on moving people have a key role to play in this transformation.
Estimating latent cycling and walking trips in Montreal
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2020
Catherine Morency, Hubert Verreault, Alexis Frappier
Many cities are looking for strategies to increase the modal share of walking and cycling and thereby reduce the negative impacts of car trips. An increase in the use of active transportation modes can have several positive impacts on air quality and public health. Often, transport authorities are wondering what investment would be needed to increase the modal share of a mode of X% or what would be the increase in the modal share if an infrastructure Y was built. However, they are rarely provided with estimates of what is the maximum market for these modes under the assumption of constant travel demand. One can assume that a mode which share is near the estimated maximum has less potential for improvement than others. The estimation of the potential market of modes could help decision-makers to prioritize types of project, especially if the focus is on walking and cycling. In transport plans, the proposed orientations and projects often come with modal share targets. Nevertheless, fixing these targets in the plans could be a difficult exercise because several other aspects as urban design could have an influence on modal share. Propose a target based on the level of potential achievement could be a good alternative to the actual indicator and could at least assess what would be plausible.
An integrated framework for planning successful complete streets: Determinative variables and main steps
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2022
Abolfazl Dehghanmongabadi, Şebnem Hoşkara
For three decades, active transportation has been serving as an essential interdisciplinary field, aiming to provide new strategies and policies in transportation planning, transportation design, and urban design to enhance public health. Active transportation is based on walking and cycling as primary modes of transportation. Walking provides people with the opportunities to spend more time in their environments. These opportunities increase social communication and raise cognitive awareness in people about their surroundings (Dehghanmongabadi & Hoşkara, 2020). Moreover, walking can act as an ecologically friendly alternative to motorized transport systems in urban areas (Millward et al., 2013; Stafford & Baldwin, 2018).
A Manifesto for exercise science – a vision for improving the health of the public and planet
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Andy Smith, David Broom, Marie Murphy, Stuart Biddle
“Active travel” (or active transportation or mobility) means walking or cycling for all or part of a journey as an alternative to motorised transport (e.g., cars, motorbikes) for the purpose of making everyday journeys. Active and sustainable travel is not only good for the environment but improves physical and mental health, quality of life and local productivity (Petrokofsky & Davis, 2016). Health-promoting transport systems support local economic prosperity due to being able to travel to work with less congestion, collisions, and pollution, and therefore support a healthier workforce.