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Innovation and Challenges in the Development of Functional and Medicinal Beverages
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Zanariah Hashim, Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Eraricar Salleh
Vitamin D is abundant consists of dairy foods and beverages. It presents in nature in several forms, which are Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3. The dietary vitamin D occurs predominantly in animal products with a very small amount gained from plant sources. Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol is produced by the ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol. This vitamin is widely distributed in plants and fungi. Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is derived from ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and can be found in the skin of animals, including humans. Human requirements for this vitamin are obtained both from the endogenous production in the skin and from dietary sources [127]. Vitamin D is essential for the formation of teeth and bones. It helps the body to absorb and use calcium in an effective manner [33].
Nanotherapeutics: Enabling Vitamin D3 as a Multifaceted Nutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Krantisagar S. More, Vinod S. Ipar, Amit S. Lokhande, Anisha A. D’souza, Padma V. Devarajan
Vitamin D3 has limited availability from dietary sources. The prime source of vitamin D3 in humans is natural production in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (290–315 nm) (Heinig, 2003; Grant and Holick, 2005). The richest dietary sources of vitamin D3 are cod liver oil (400 IU/tsp), egg yolk (approximately 20 IU), oil-rich salmon (approximately 400 IU per 3.5oz.), sardines and mackerel, poultry, meat and meat products like liver and kidney (0.1–1.5 μg/100 g) (McDonnell et al., 2014), milk (approximately 20 IU), and milk products, with smaller amounts found in mushroom (Urbain et al., 2011; Biancuzzo et al., 2013; Keegan et al., 2013). An important source today is vitamin D fortified foods and supplements (Dhaussy, 2014; Gupta, 2014).
Inorganic Chemicals in Drinking Water
Published in Joseph Cotruvo, Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 2019
Calcium is an important essential dietary mineral and it is present in substantial amounts in dairy products as well as numerous vegetables like kale, soy beans, broccoli, and nuts. Vitamin D3 is involved in the absorption of calcium from the diet, and is therefore important for bone building. Calcium in combination with magnesium, sodium, and potassium is important for cardiac function. The recommended daily intake (RDI) for calcium ranges from about 1,000 mg/day for children to about 1,200 mg/day for adults.
Vitamin D supplementation alters the expression of genes associated with hypertension and did not induce DNA damage in rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Carla Da Silva Machado, Alexandre Ferro Aissa, Diego Luis Ribeiro, Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
Vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, is a lipophilic compound that acts as a steroid hormone and has gained great interest attributed to its role in bone metabolism (Almeida et al. 2008; Levine 2003; Norman 2001) and regulation of homeostasis in other non-bone tissues (Matyjaszek-Matuszek, Lenart-Lipinska, and Wozniakowska 2015; Wallace et al. 2015; Zuk, Fitzpatrick, and Rosella 2016). For many years, vitamin D3 was considered to be a vitamin, but the discovery of its function as a hormone indicated that when its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is bound to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-VDR complex may act as a transcription factor to regulate expression of numerous mammalian genes (Castro 2011; Pike and Meyer 2012).